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100

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people are called what?

Concepts

100

The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgments is called what?

Overconfidence 

100

What is a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems usually speedier but also more error prone?

Heuristics

100

What is a sudden realization of a problem’s solution known as?

Insight

100

What is our ability to learn known as?

Aptitude

200

The way an issue is posed and can significantly affect decisions and judgements is known as what?

Framing

200

By what age do most children enter the 2-word stage?

2

200

At about what age does those who have not been exposed to language lose their ability to master any language?

7

200

At what age does the Babbling stage begin?

4 months

200

What is the inability to come to a fresh perspective known as?

Fixation

300

What is estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to match particular prototypes?

Representativeness Heuristic

300

What is the ability to inhibit one language while using the other called?

Bilingual Advantage

300

What is a mental picture of how you do something known as?

Implicit Memory 

300

What is a language impairment known as?

Aphasia

300

What is our ability to consider many different options and to think in novel ways known as?

Divergent Thinking

400

What is it called when children start uttering two-word sentences?

Telegraphic speech

400

What is it called when someone uses conclusions to assess evidence, rather than using evidence to draw conclusions?

Motivated Reasoning

400

What kind of heuristic operates when we estimate how common an event is based on its mental availability?

Availability heuristic

400

What leads us to seek evidence for our ideas more eagerly than we seek evidence against them?

Confirmation Bias

400

Damage to what area of the brain would cause a person to struggle to speak words, yet could sing familiar songs and comprehend speech?

Broca's Area

500

Creativity is the ability to produce ideas that are what two things?

Novel and Valuable
500

To rein in belief perseverance, a simple remedy is to do what?

Consider the opposite

500

Explain four ideas that researchers offer to boost the creative process.

  • Develop your expertise. Ask yourself what you care about and most enjoy. Follow your passion by broadening your knowledge base and becoming an expert at something.
  • Allow time for incubation. Think hard on a problem but then set it aside and come back to it later. 
  • Set aside time for the mind to roam freely. Creativity springs from “defocused attention”. 
  • Experience other cultures and ways of thinking. Living abroad sets the creative juices flowing. 
500

Explain 3 intuition powers that Cognitive scientists have revealed.

  • Intuition is recognition born of experience. It is implicit (unconscious) knowledge—what we’ve recorded in our brains but can’t fully explain. 
  • Intuition is usually adaptive, enabling quick reactions. Our learned associations surface as gut feelings, right or wrong
  • Intuition is huge. Our mind’s unconscious track, however, makes good use intuitively of what we are not consciously processing. Unconscious, automatic influences are constantly affecting our judgments.
500

Name the three building blocks for spoken language.

Phonemes

Morphemes

Grammar