DSJ Sociology Ch. 4 Review

S

100

What is the cultural process of learning to participate in group life?

Socialization

200

Role taking allows people to do what?

Seeing themselves as other people see them

300

What is a set of people we use to evaluate ourselves and from which we acquire attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms?

Reference Group

400

What is the process of preparing for new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors?

Anticipatory socialization

500

Explain 4 psychological challenges adolescence presents to self-concept.

• Adolescents usually have an undefined status, somewhere between childhood and adulthood.
• Adolescents face the challenge of increased decision making. 
• The challenge of increased decision making often results in increased feelings of pressure.
• Finally, adolescents often appear to themselves, as well as to others, as embarked on a quest for self and identity. As they navigate this quest, they often sense a paradox. They are neither entirely dependent nor are they fully independent.

O

100

What is a self-concept based on our idea of other’s judgements of us?

Looking-glass self

200

What is typically the longest stage in a human life?

Adulthood

300

What is the process in which people adopt new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors?

Resocialization

400

What is the process by which people give up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors?

Desocialization

500

Name the three-stage process that gives the ability for role taking.

Imitation Stage

Play Stage

Game Stage

C

100

The people whose judgement are most important to our self-concept are called what?

Significant Others

200

The first two stages of the life cycle are what?

Childhood and Adolescence

300

What are institutions aimed at providing dignity and care – either in a dying patient’s home or in a separate location?

Hospice

400

The religious values and beliefs that have become part of the American culture are referred to as what?

invisible religion

500

Name and explain the three major theoretical perspectives insight into socialization

Functionalism stresses the ways groups work together to create a stable society.

Conflict perspective views socialization as a way of perpetuating the status quo. When people are socialized to accept their family’s social class

Symbolic interactionism is interested in the role individuals and their social relationships play in socialization

I

100

What is an integrated conception of the norms, values, beliefs of one’s community or society emerges?

Generalized Others

200

In school, rewards and punishments are typically based on what?

Performance

300

Socialization begins at birth and continues till when?

Throughout Life

400

We looked at the case histories of what three children who were socially and emotionally abused?

Anna, Isabelle, and Genie

500

Explain Sociologist George Herbert Mead’s “The Me and the I."

The “Me” is the part of the self created through socialization. It is constructed from the attitudes we develop by interacting with others. The “Me” accounts for predictability and conformity behavior. Yet much human behavior is spontaneous and unpredictable. To account for this spontaneous, unpredictable, often creative part of self, Mead proposed the “I”.

The ”I” does not operate only in extreme situations of rage or excitement. It interacts constantly with the “me” in a kind of conversation as we conduct ourselves in social situations. According to Mead, the first reaction of the self comes from the “I”. Before we act, however, this reaction is directed into socially acceptable channels by the socialized “me”.

O2

100

What is the primary agent of childhood socialization?

Family

200

What is the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in schools?

Hidden Curriculum

300

What results did Harry Harlow see with the rhesus infant monkeys raised in isolation for over 6 months?

became withdrawn, hostile adults

400

What are the three-stage process that is constantly taking place with the looking-glass self?

1. We imagine how we appear to others

2. We imagine the reactions of others to our appearance.

3. We evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others judge us.

500

Adulthood may be divided into what three sub-stages and what ages are associated with each stage?

Early adulthood (transitional adulthood) - Ages 18-29

Middle Years - Ages 30 - 65

Old Age - Older than 65