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100

What term refers to behavior that departs from societal or group norms?

Deviance

100

What type of crime refers to legal violations among those under 18 years of age?

Juvenile

100

What do you call a person who has acted in violation of one or more of society’s most highly valued norms.

Deviant

100

What is an economic crime committed by respectable and high-status people?

White-collar

100

What percentage of those released from penal institutions are sent back to prison in three to five years?

50%

200

What is an undesirable label used by others to deny a deviant full social acceptance?

Stigma

200

According to what theory does conformity to social norms depend on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society?

Control Theory

200

What is a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent?

Anomie

200

What are rewards or punishments designed to encourage desired behavior towards accepted norms?

Social Sanctions 

200

What is it called when people over-conform to norms, which leads to imbalance and extremes of perfectionism?

Positive Deviance

300

What theory states that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them?

Strain Theory

300

What theoretical perspective emphasizes social stability and the way the different parts of society contribute to the whole and believe that deviance has both positive and negative consequences?

Functionalist Perspective

300

What are you are practicing when you do something because you know it is the right thing to do or when you don’t do something because you know it would be wrong.

Internal Social Control

300

What is it called when someone is referred to a community-based treatment program rather than a prison or probation program?

Diversion

300

What theory emphasizes the role of primary groups in transmitting deviance?

Differential Association Theory 

400

According to Sociologist Travis Hirschi the four basic components to social bonds are:

Attachment

Commitment

Involvement

Belief

400

What are 5 types of crimes tracked by The FBI’s Uniform Crime Report

Murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, arson, and hate crimes.

400

From the perspective of what theory, is deviance in an industrial society is behavior that those in control of that society see as threatening to their interests?

Conflict Theory

400

What term means deviance is a lifestyle and a part of one’s personal identity?

Secondary Deviance

400

According to what theory is deviant behaviors are always a matter of social definition?

Labeling Theory

500

Explain the two reasons that conflict theorists give for the unequal treatment of minorities in the American justice system:

  • Minorities generally do not have the economic resources to buy good legal services.
  • Crimes against whites tend to be punished more severely than crimes against minorities. Society sees minority interests as less important than those of whites. Victim discounting reduces the seriousness of crimes directed at members of lower social classes.
500

Name the four approaches the criminal justice system draws on to control and punish lawbreakers

  • Deterrence 
  • Retribution 
  • Incarceration 
  • Rehabilitation 
500

Name three characteristics that affect differential association

  • The ratio of deviant to nondeviant individuals. A person who knows mostly deviants is more likely to learn deviant behavior.
  • The significance of the person acting deviantly. A person is more likely to copy deviant behavior from someone significant to him or her.
  • The age of exposure. Younger children learn deviant behavior more quickly than older children.
500

Name 4 alternatives to dealing with deviant behavior besides putting them in prison

  • Restitution
  • Community Service 
  • Education 
  • Therapy 
500

Name four deviant responses to strain

  • Innovation 
  • Ritualism 
  • Retreatism 
  • Rebellion