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Who is the primary agent of childhood socialization?
Family
What is the theory of evolutionary of natural social change that leads to progress, provided people did not interfere?
Social Darwinism
What are broad ideas about what people in society consider desirable?
Values
What are ideas about the nature of reality that people base their behavior on?
Beliefs
What is the cultural process of learning how to participate in group life called?
Socialization
What term refers to behavior that departs from societal or group norms?
Deviance
What are norms of great moral significance and are vital to the well-being of a society?
Mores
What type of functions are intended and recognized?
Manifest
What are rewards and punishments used to encourage conformity to norms?
Sanctions
What is it called when one group judges others in terms of one’s own cultural standards?
Ethnocentrism
What theory states that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them?
Strain Theory
The religious values and beliefs that have become part of the American culture are referred to as what?
Invisible Religion
What is a norm so strong that its violation demands punishment by the group?
Taboos
What is it called when people either reject the norms, misinterpret the norms, or are unaware of the norms?
Negative Deviance
What is it called when someone is referred to a community-based treatment program rather than a prison or probation program?
Diversion
Which Sociologist is recognized as the father of sociology?
Auguste Comte
Which Sociologist said the key to the unfolding of history was class conflicts?
Which Sociologist felt groups are not simply a collection of individuals, rather they are separate from the individuals who from them?
Emile Durkheim
What is the ability of individuals to see the relationship between events in their personal lives and events in their society?
Social Imagination
What is a self-concept based on our idea of other’s judgements of us?
Looking-glass Self
What are the three basic patterns that dominant cultures take when they reject minorities?
Subjugation
Population Transfer
Genocide
What are the four patterns that assimilation may follow?
Anglo-conformity
Melting Pot
Toss-salad
Accommodation
Traditionally anthropologists maintained that there were what three races?
Negriod
Mongoloid
Caucasoid
What are 4 alternatives to dealing with deviant behavior besides putting them in prison?
Restitution
Community Service
Education
Therapy
What are the four deviant responses to strain?
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion