Overview
Two new disorders are among the changes made to the DSM-5 to provide children with an accurate diagnostic home. What are those two disorders?
1. Social Communication Disorder
2. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
Describe the differences between separation anxiety disorder and reactive attachment disorder.
Separation anxiety disorder: excessive distress when separated from major attachment figure(s); sleep refusal unless near that person.
Reactive attachment disorder: A lack of attachment or indiscriminate, superficial attachments.
What is the difference between substance dependence and substance abuse.
Substance Dependence: Maladaptive pattern of drug us with increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, compulsive use, or behavior problems.
Substance Abuse: Social role, legal, or medical problems due to drug use.
What is the difference between Bipolar I disorder and Bipolar II disorder?
Bipolar I Disorder: Formerly called manic-depression. One or more manic episodes characterized by persistent abnormally elevated or irritable mood; pressured speech; grandiosity; sleeplessness; and/or excessive pleasurable, high-risk activity.
Bipolar II Disorder: Major depressive episodes with at least one hypomanic episode (manic symptoms at a less severe intensity.)
What are some mental disorders due to general medical condition?
delirium, dementia, or amnestic disorder, psychosis, mood disorder, sexual dysfunction; sleep disorder; or personality change due to medical conditions (e.g., epilepsy, tumors, head trauma.)
Existing criteria have been updated in the DSM-5 to provide more precise descriptions and reflect the scientific advances and clinical experience of the last two decades. What select disorders changed?
1. Autism spectrum Disorder (ASD)
2. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
3. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
4. Specific Learning Disorder
5. Eating disorders
Tic disorders are characterized by rapid, recurrent, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations. Explain the differences between tourette's disorder, chronic motor/vocal tic disorder, and transient tic disorder.
Tourette's Disorder: Multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics.
Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder: Either motor or vocal tics.
Transient tic disorder: Like Tourette's but less severe, and symptoms end within 12 months.
What are the treatment options for substance abuse?
Outpatient or inpatient; residential or day care, group, individual, and/or family counseling; methadone maintenance (for opiates); detoxification; self-help groups or a combination of therapies and medication.
Treatment of mood disorders are
1. Psychopharmacology
2. Interpersonal/Psychodynamic Therapy
3. Behavioral Therapy
4. Cognitive Therapy
5. Group Psychotherapy
6. Self-Help Groups
Define Amnestic disorder.
Memory impairment without other cognitive impairments. May be substance induced.
In revising DSM-5, several factors motivated the Work Groups including:
1. Working with parents
2. Defining a diagnostic home
3. Developing more precise criteria
What are the two communication disorders included in childhood, infancy, or adolescence?
Expressive or receptive language disorders
Phonological (articulation) or stuttering disorders
How can substance related disorders be caused?
Substance related disorders may be caused by abusing a drug, by side effects of a medication, or by toxin exposure.
What is cyclothymic disorder?
Chronic, fluctuating mood with many hypomanic and many depressive symptoms, but not as severe as in either bipolar I or bipolar II.
What does pervasive developmental disorders include
A spectrum of disorders characterized by qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interaction; impairment in communication skills; and stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities.
Includes: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative disorder, and asperger's disorder
There are 4 characteristics of the DSM-5 Manual. Share 2 of those characteristics.
1. Classification system with periodic revisions.
2. Comprehensive description of the symptoms and manifestations of mental disorders and associated information.
3. Cultural Assessment: Evaluation of the impact of cultural context, cultural belief systems, and cultural differences between client and interviewer in assessing illness behavior.
4. Defensive Functioning Scale: An assessment of the client's defenses or coping patterns at the time of the evaluation and the period just preceding it.
How are learning disorders for reading, mathematics, or written expression determined?
These diagnoses are determined through the use of individually administered standardized tests when the child scores substantially below expectations for age, grade level or intellectual level.
As a result of substance abuse the client may also have what?
Delirium, dementia, psychosis, mood disorders, anxiety disorder, or sexual or sleep dysfunction. Treatment must first focus on the substance.
How are mood disorders characterized?
What is the difference between pica and rumination disorder?
Pica: persistent eating of nonnutritive substances such as paint, hair, sand, cloth, pebbles, etc., without aversion to food.
Rumination disorder: regurgitation and rechewing of ood.
True or False: DSM-5 discusses etiology.
False. DSM-5 does not discuss etiology. The DSM-5 is descriptive, delineating the clinical features of disorders and offering specific diagnostic criteria for clinicians.
Encopresis: repeated passage of feces in inappropriate places.
Enuresis: repeated voiding of urine during day or night in bedding or clothes after continence would be expected.
Encopresis and Enuresis are both what times of disorders?
Elimination Disorders
Define substance intoxication or withdrawal.
Behavioral, psychological, or physiological symptoms due to effects of the substance; will vary depending on type of substance ( i.e., hallucinations, insomnia, stupor, agitation, etc).
Describe the difference between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder (formerly Dysthymic disorder).
Major depressive disorder: vegetative or classic symptoms: significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or sleeping too much motor agitation or low energy. Feeling sad, empty, or worthless; difficulty concentrating or making decisions; and/or general loss f pleasure and interest. Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. At least two weeks durations.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (formerly Dysthymic disorder): similar symptoms to major depressive disorder but less severe and more chronic, at least two years.
Describe the difference between delirium and dementia.
Delirium: Disturbance in consciousness or cognition that develops over a short period of time and is due to a medical condition or is substance induced.
Dementia: Memory impairment, multiple cognitive deficits. Includes Alzheimer's (gradual onset with progressive deterioration), vascular dementia, dementia due to HIV, Parkinson's, or other medical conditions.