Anxiety
DSM for Social Anxiety Disorder
Key fear of being embarrassed or scrutinized by people in specific situations.
Fear or anxiety about 1 or more social situation:
Different kinds of social interactions
Being observed (eating or drinking)
Preforming in others (speech or talking)
Individual fears they will act in a way that will be negatively evaluated or would lead to rejection by others.
Fear of situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.
Social situations are avoided or endured with great anxiety.
Fear, anxiety, avoidance is persistent and last for 6 months or more
Causes significant impairment.
Hallmarks for Substance Use Disorders
Loss of control, failure to fulfill obligations, continues use despite problems
1. Use: problematic pattern of use leading to significant impairment or distress.
2. Intoxication: significant problematic behavior or psychological changes (e.g., inappropriate sexual/aggressive behaviors, mood lability, impaired judgement) as a consequence of substance use. It is unique to the substance.
3. Withdrawal: the emotional, behavioral and physiological problems that occur when individuals cease use. It is unique to the substance.
DSM for Cluster A
PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER:
Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, motives interpreted as malevolent.
4 or more criteria:
Suspicious of others exploiting/harming/deceiving them
Unjustified doubts about loyalty
Reluctant to share
Reads benign events as demeaning
Perceives attacks on self
Hold grudges
SCHIZOID/SCHIZOTYPAL:
Schizoid:
Over 4 of (solitary events, no interest/desire in relationship or sexual experiences, lacks friends, indifferent to praise/criticism, emotional detachment)
Schizotypal:
Social and interpersonal deficits
Acute discomfort with/reduced capacity for close relationships
Cognitive/perceptual distortions
Eccentricities of behavior
5 or more of (ideas of reference, odd beliefs, suspicious, paranoid ideation, constricted affect, odd behavior, lack close friends, social anxiety, etc.)
DSM Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa
Significantly low body weight resulting from restricted energy intake relative to expenditure.
Fear of weight gain or of possibility of being overweight or behavior that maintains low weight.
Body-image disturbance, overvaluation of shape or weight, or denial of severity of low weight.
Diagnostic symptomology for PTSD
Witnessed, learned or experienced traumatic event
Intrusion - at least 1
Avoidance - at least 1
Negative alteration in cognitions and mood - 2 or more
Arousal - at least 2
Duration - at least 1 month
DSM for Panic Disorder
Fear and worry or concern about having attacks (for more than a month) OR significant changes in behavior that avoid panic attacks.
Recurrent unexpected attacks
At least 4 symptoms of sympathetic arousal reaching a sharp peak.
2/11 symptoms within 12 months
Severity: based on # of symptoms; mild (2-3), moderate (4-5), severe (6-11)
Autonomic hyperactivity (sweating/racing heart)
Hand tremor
Insomnia
Nausea/vomiting
Hallucinations/illusions
Psychomotor agitation
Anxiety Seizures
Withdrawal symptoms: 2 or more within several hours to few days of cessation
DSM for Cluster B 1
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER:
Violation of the rights of others
Beginning at 15 years
3 or more criteria (deceitful, impulsive, reckless, irresponsible, lack of remorse)
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER:
Instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, affect paired with impulsivity
5 or more criteria (frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, unstable relationships, identity disturbance, impulsivity, suicidal behaviors, reactive mood, chronic emptiness, paranoid ideation/severe dissociative symptoms)
Specifiers for Anorexia Nervosa
Restricting type: Does not engage in binge eating or purging; weight loss is product of dieting and/or excessive exercise only.
Binge eating/purging type: Engages in recurrent instances of binge eating or purging over the past 3 months.
Specifiers for PTSD
Delayed expression: Criteria not met till after 6 months
Dissociative symptoms:
Depersonalization - detached (outside observer)
Derealization - unreal (dreamlike)
DSM for Agoraphobia
Clear fear about two or more:
Using public transpo
Being in open space
Being in closed space
Standing in line/crowd
Being outside home alone
Almost always provokes fear
Out of proportion fear
Lasts 6 months or more
DSM for Cluster B 2
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER:
Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
5 or more criteria (center of attention, sexual/provocative interaction, shallow expression of emotion, physical appearance for attention, superficial communication, theatrical, impressionable, misjudges relationship strength
NARCISSTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER:
Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
5 or more criteria (superiority, fantasies about success, power, requires excessive admiration, entitlement, exploitive, lacks empathy, envious, arrogant)
DSM for Bulimia Nervosa
Repeated episodes of binge eating in which the individual:
1. Eats in a distinct episode an unusually large amount of food relative to what would be consumed by most individuals.
2. Experiences a sense of loss of control over eating.
Repeated episodes of behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive energy)
Binge eating and purging occur on average at least once a week for 3 months
Overvaluation of shape or weight
Does not meet criteria for anorexia.
DSM for OCD
Obsessions: Unwanted, recurrent, and persistent thoughts,urges or images that can cause marked anxiety and stress.
Themes: contamination, harming/agression, symmetry/exactness, religious themes.
Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors
Time consuming: (1 hour or more per day)
DSM for GAD
Excessive worry occurring on more days than not, different events, issues, and topics for at least 6 months.
Inability to control the worry.
3/6 symptoms are present (restlessness, fatigue, muscle tension, irritability, sleep problems and difficulty concentrating).
How distinguish regular worries?
Uncontrollable, Frequency, Intensity, Physiological and psychological arousal (3-6 symptoms)
DSM for Cluster C
AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER:
Social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
4 or more criteria (fears disapproval, criticism, requires certainty to be involved with people, resistance to intimacy, preoccupied with rejection, self as inferior, doesn't take personal risks)
DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER:
Excessive need to be taken care of which leads to clinging, submissive behaviors and fears of separation.
5 or more criteria (excessive reassurance, others to assume responsibility for them, difficulty disagreeing, difficulty taking initiative, need for nurturance, fear of being unable to care for self)
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY:
Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental, interpersonal control
4 or more criteria (preoccupation with rules, schedules, perfectionism, devotion to work, can't discard worthless objects, reluctant to delegate, hoard money, rigid and stubborn)
DSM for Binge Eating Disorder 1
Repeated episodes of binge eating in which:
1. Eats in a distinct episode an unusually large amount of food relative to what most would consume.
2. Experiences a sense of loss of control over eating.
Episodes of BED contain at least 3:
1. Increased rate of eating.
2. Eating beyond point of fullness.
3. Eating in absence of physical hunger.
4. Eating alone out of embarrassment.
5. Feelings of disgust, depression, or guilt afterward.
Specifiers for OCD
With good/fair insight: Beliefs not true
With poor insight: Beliefs are probably true
With absent insight/delusional beliefs. Beliefs are true.
Tic-related: Past or current
DSM and Subtypes for Specific Phobia
Object/situation almost always provokes fear
Actively avoided/endured with intense fear/anxiety
Out of proportion
Lasting 6 months
Blood injection/injury
Situational: Airplanes, elevators, closed spaces (harm coming from event itself, unlike agora)
Natural environment: Thunderstorms, water, heights
Animals: Includes insects
DSM for General Personality Disorder
An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture.
2 or more of the following:
1. Cognition
2. Affectivity
3. Interpersonal functioning
4. Impulse control
Inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations.
The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, etc.
Pattern is stable and of long duration, traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood.
Pattern is not better explained by another disorder
Pattern not attributable to physiological effects of a substance.
DSM for Binge Eating Disorder 2
Causes significant distress.
Occurs on average at least once a week for 3 months.
Does not meet criteria for either AN or BN.
Intrusive thoughts about appearance and constant checking.
Hair pulling, skin picking, hoarding