Depression
What are the two required symptoms to consider a diagnosis of MDD?
Depressed mood or anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure).
How long must excessive worry be present to consider GAD?
At least 6 months, more days than not.
What distinguishes restlessness in GAD from hyperactivity in ADHD?
Restlessness is feeling keyed up or on edge, not motor hyperactivity.
What age must symptoms appear before for an ADHD diagnosis?
Before age 12.
What is the minimum symptom duration for an ODD diagnosis?
At least 6 months.
How many total symptoms must be present for MDD diagnosis?
At least 5 symptoms, including depressed mood or anhedonia.
What is the minimum number of physical symptoms required for adults?
At least 3 symptoms (1 for children).
What must the person find difficult about their worry?
They find it difficult to control the worry.
How long must ADHD symptoms persist?
For at least 6 months.
What are the three core symptom domains of ODD?
Angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, vindictiveness.
Over what minimum time period must symptoms persist for an MDD diagnosis?
At least 2 weeks, nearly every day.
Name three common physical symptoms associated with GAD.
Restlessness, muscle tension, sleep disturbance.
What is the primary focus of worry in GAD?
Multiple events or activities, often everyday matters.
Name three symptoms from the inattention category.
Often fails to give close attention, difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness.
What makes the behavior in ODD different from age-appropriate defiance
The behavior is more frequent, persistent, and causes impairment.
How does appetite disturbance present in MDD?
Significant weight loss or gain, or increase/decrease in appetite.
Can GAD be diagnosed in children, and how do criteria differ?
Yes; children need only 1 physical symptom rather than 3.
How does muscle tension contribute to the diagnosis?
It is one of the key somatic symptoms indicating anxiety.
What is an example of impulsivity in ADHD?
Interrupting others or difficulty waiting one’s turn.
What distinguishes ODD from conduct disorder?
ODD lacks the more severe violations of others’ rights seen in conduct disorder.
How does anhedonia manifest in depressive episodes?
Loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities once enjoyed.
How does muscle tension contribute to the diagnosis?
It is one of the key somatic symptoms indicating anxiety.
How does GAD affect cognitive functioning and daily performance?
It often causes difficulty concentrating and impaired functioning.
How many symptoms must be present for adults vs. children?
5 symptoms for adults (age 17+), 6 symptoms for children.
How might ODD symptoms affect peer and school relationships?
They often lead to conflicts, disciplinary problems, and social rejection.