Show:
Who's Responsible?
Respect • Protect • Fulfill
Prevention Wins
Accountability
Make Healthcare Safer
100

A Ministry of Health develops emergency preparedness plans for hospitals.

Who is the duty bearer?

Ministry of Health

100

Which obligation means "Do not interfere with healthcare"?

Respect

100

Which is better?

A) Investigating attacks afterward

B) Preventing attacks beforehand

...

100

Does accountability only happen in court? Elaborate

No

100

Before a hospital develops a protection plan, what should it do first?

Identify and assess risks.

200

An ambulance is stopped at a checkpoint.

Who has immediate responsibility for ensuring safe passage?

Security forces/authorities operating the checkpoint.

200

Which obligation means preventing others from attacking healthcare?

Protect

200

Name two ways governments can make hospitals safer before conflict.

Training

Preparedness

Emergency planning

...

200

Name 3 types of accountability

  • Administrative accountability
  • Professional accountability
  • Political accountability
  • Judicial (legal) accountability
  • International accountability
200

A hospital has never practiced what to do during an armed conflict, even though it has an emergency plan written on paper. What essential element is missing?

Preparedness through training and simulation exercises.

300

A law criminalizing attacks on healthcare is never enforced.

Which institution has failed?

Justice system/Judiciary (and government).


Legal obligations require implementation, not just legislation.

300

Which obligation includes building resilient health systems?

Fulfill

300

The law says: "Ambulances must be respected and protected."

What do SOPs say? Give me 3 answers

  • Who contacts security before departure?
  • Which route should be used?
  • What should the driver do if stopped at a checkpoint?
  • Who reports an incident?
  • How is communication maintained if radio contact is lost?
  • When should the ambulance turn back?
300

A nurse ignores reporting procedures.

What type of accountability?

Professional

300

Two hospitals face the same attack. One continues providing care because it has backup systems, trained staff, and alternative supply routes. What concept explains its ability to continue functioning?


Health system resilience.

400

A hospital has no evacuation plan although conflict has been expected for months.

Who shares responsibility?

Hospital administration
Ministry of Health
Government


Shared responsibility.

400

Hospital generators fail because no fuel reserves existed.

Which obligation failed?

Fulfill goes beyond hospitals, it includes preparedness.

400

A hospital survives because staff practiced mass casualty drills every six months.

Preparedness

400

A commander violates orders protecting healthcare.

Professional?

Criminal?

Military?

...

400

During a conflict, the Ministry of Health, ambulance services, hospitals, and security actors all work independently. Information is delayed, referrals fail, and resources are duplicated. What key element is missing?

Coordination

500

Healthcare access collapses because electricity, roads, internet and fuel all fail.

Who is responsible?

Duty bearers are interconnected.


Healthcare protection is a systems issue.

500

A government never attacks hospitals directly but refuses to investigate repeated attacks by others.

Which obligation is being neglected?

Protect (and accountability)



Positive obligations.

500

What is "hospital resilience"?

Infrastructure

Communication

Supply chains

Backup systems

Staff wellbeing

Digital protection

500

A hospital is attacked during conflict. The perpetrators are never identified, but the government releases a statement promising that "lessons will be learned." No investigation follows, no changes are made, and similar incidents happen again.

What essential elements of accountability are missing? Give 5 answers

  • Responsibility: identifying who had obligations and who failed to fulfill them.
  • Answerability: the duty to explain decisions, actions, and failures.
  • Monitoring: continuously tracking performance and violations.
  • Documentation: recording incidents, evidence, and patterns of harm.
  • Independent review: ensuring investigations are impartial and credible.
  • Remediation: taking steps to repair harm caused.
  • Victim-centered response: ensuring affected individuals are heard and supported.
  • Corrective action: changing policies, procedures, or practices after failures.
  • Institutional reform: addressing systemic problems rather than isolated incidents.
  • Compliance mechanisms: ensuring rules and standards are followed.
  • Reporting mechanisms: creating safe channels to report concerns.
  • Follow-up: verifying whether promised changes actually happened.
  • Learning and adaptation: using experience to improve future responses.
  • Prevention of recurrence: ensuring similar violations do not happen again.
500

A hospital is legally protected, but community members perceive it as supporting one side of the conflict and stop seeking care there. What does this demonstrate?

Legal protection alone is insufficient; trust, perception, and adherence to medical neutrality are essential for safe access to healthcare.