moving continents
True or false: the oldest seafloor rock is found at the mid-ocean ridge
false
At what type of boundary do fault zones form?
What shape valley will a river form at a steep slope?
V-shape
true or false: any of the three types of rocks can be transformed into any of the other types or rocks
true
how is an igneous rock formed?
cooling magma, crystallization
How were fossils used as evidence for the CDH?
At what type of boundary do fold mountains form?
convergent
Give an example of chemical weathering
- rusting iron in rocks
-acidic rain dissolving limestone to form caves
-moss/lichen releasing acids that break down rock surfaces
which type of rock is the most abundant on Earth?
igneous
how can you transform an igneous rock to a metamorphic rock?
heat and pressure (causes physical or chemical changes without melting)
Name the 4 pieces of evidence for CDH
-fossils
-rock formations
-coal deposits
-glaciers
Describe the plate movement at a divergent boundary.
The plates are moving apart
You discover sediment that seems to be randomly deposited, large rocks are mixed with small pebbles. What most likely deposited these sediments?
glaciers! this sediment is known as till
a tectonic process that brings rock form deep in the crust to Earth's surface
uplift
how can you transform a metamorphic rock into a sedimentary rock?
weather and erode the metamorphic rock into sediments, then lithification (compaction/cementation)
Why wasn't the CDH widely supported for several decades?
Wegener did not propose a physical mechanism for HOW the continents moved
At which plate boundary/boundaries do volcanoes form?
convergent and divergent
What are the four structures created by wind?
sand dunes, loess, arches, sandblasted rocks
what are the two steps to lithification?
compaction and cementation
how can you transform a sedimentary rock into an igneous rock?
melt it into magma, then cool (crystallization)
Explain the process of seafloor spreading
- rock below seafloor surface becomes molten and less dense
-magma rises up through cracks in the crust along the mid-ocean ridge
-magma cools into new oceanic crust
-the crust on either side of the ridge spread apart slowly
List the following as changes that occur over a short or long period of time:
-tectonic plate movement
-mountain formation
-volcanic eruption
-earthquake
-impact crater
-tectonic plate movement: long
-mountain formation: long
-volcanic eruption: short
-earthquake: short
-impact crater: short
Explain why rivers meander at gentle slopes
erosion happens on the fast side and deposition happens on the slow side, creating larger and larger curves over time
Explain the difference between an extrusive rock and an intrusive rock
extrusive: lava cools above Earth's surface quickly, creating fine-grained rocks
intrusive: magma cools below Earth's surface slowly, creating coarse-grained rocks
how can you transform an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock?
weathering/erosion into sediments, then lithification (compaction + cementation)