The movement of material due to differences in density
What is convection?
100
The crust, the mantle, and the core.
What are the compositional layers?
100
Any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground.
What is a vent?
100
This forms when large blocks of rock break and move past each other
What is a fault?
100
The amount of force per unit area that is placed on an object.
What is stress?
200
A boundary at which two plates move past each other horizontally.
What is a transform boundary?
200
The lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core.
What are the mechanical (physical) layers?
200
Volcanoes with broad bases and gently sloping sides.
What is a shield volcano?
200
The youngest layers of rock are at the core of the fold. The rock layers are usually arched upward, like a bowl.
What is a syncline?
200
The theory that describes large-scale movements of Earth’s lithosphere.
What is plate tectonics?
300
In this, one plate usually sinks beneath the other. The mantle above the sinking plate can melt to form magma.
What is a convergent boundary?
300
This layer made mostly of iron and some nickel.
What is the core?
300
These volcanoes are built from alternating layers of hardened lava flows and pyroclastic material.
What is a composite volcano?
300
These form when rock is under shear stress, or stress that pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions.
What is a strike-slip fault?
300
Alfred Wegener.
Who was the person to propose the theory of plate tectonics?
400
In this process, molten rock from inside Earth rises at the ridges and forms new oceanic crust.
Older crust is pushed away from the ridge, and the sea floor slowly spreads apart.
What is sea-floor spreading?
400
This layer contains more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust.
What is the mantle?
400
Volcanoes form on these.
What are plate boundaries?
400
These form when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward.
What is a fold mountain?
400
The aesthenosphere.
What is the layer beneath the lithosphere and above the mesosphere?
500
Where two plates move away from each other, and magma rises to form new lithosphere at mid-ocean ridges.
What are divergent boundaries?
500
Oceanic and Continental.
What are the two types of crust?
500
The name for the numerous explosive volcanoes that form on convergent plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
What is the ring of fire?
500
These form when tension makes the lithosphere break into many normal faults.
What is a fault-block mountain?
500
250 Square Miles.
What is the size of the magma chamber beneath Mt. Vesuvius?