Earth's layers
What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?
Crust
How did the continents move from Pangaea outwards?
Plates move, moving the continents
What type of rock comes from magma cooling down?
Igneous
What was the name of the ancient supercontinent?
Pangaea
In which layer does convection occur and how does it work?
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust.
Outer core is liquid and rises up towards the mantle which then moves the plates of the mantle in different directions.
What type of boundary forms when plates collide?
convergent plates -> collide -> mountains
What type of rock holds fossils? How does it work?
Sedimentary rock. From weathering, erosion, deposition, rocks get deposited on top of fossils.
Who proposed continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
Which seismic waves arrive fast?
P waves
What is the hottest layer of Earth?
inner core
What type of boundary forms when plates mvoe apart?
divergent boundaries -> plates move apart, magma comes up -> volcanoe
What process is driven by heat from the inner core of Earth?
convection currents
Same rock layers throughout continents. Same fossils found in every continent from Pangaea's time. Continents fit like a puzzle.
Which waves cannot travel through liquids?
S waves
Which layer does not allow S-waves to pass through?
Outer core
What type of boundary forms when plates slide past each other?
Transform boundary -> slide against each other, stress builds up -> earthquake
If magma cools quickly, it will form big or small crystals?
Quickly = slow; no time to grow the crystals.
Why are tropical fossils found in Antaractica?
It was once closer to the equator.
Which layer of Earth can S waves cannot go through?
Outer core is liquid that's why.
How do scientists know Earth has different layers?
p waves and s waves
What major landform is created by subduction convergent boundaries?
one goes under the other and magma comes up -> volcanoes
If magma cools slowly, it will form big or small crystals?
big crystals
What is the main difference between P and S waves?
P waves - quick and can go thru solids and liquids
S waves - slow and can only go thru solids (not liquids like the outer core).