Name the 4 layers of the earth from outermost to innermost.
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
100
Magma cools to form this type of rock.
Igneous
100
Two tectonic plates move towards each other. What type of plate boundary is this?
Convergent plate boundary
100
What kind of plate boundary do most earthquakes occur at?
Transform boundary
100
What is a volcano?
An opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected.
200
How did scientists discover the layers of the earth?
Measuring seismic waves caused by setting off an explosive, or measuring the waves of earthquakes.
200
What process leads to the formation of sediment?
Weathering/erosion
200
Two plates slide past each other in opposite directions. What type of plate boundary is this?
Transform boundary
200
Name two scales of earthquake intensity.
Mercalli, Richter, Moment Magnitude
200
Where are volcanoes most likely to form?
Along tectonic plate boundaries.
300
In which layer(s) do convection currents occur?
Mantle and/or outer core
300
Intense heat and pressure will form this type of rock.
Metamorphic
300
Which type of plate boundary will form a rift valley?
Divergent Boundary
300
Where are earthquakes most likely to form?
Along tectonic plate boundaries.
300
What are the three types of volcanoes?
Cinder Cone, Composite, Shield
400
Describe how a convection current happens.
Hot liquid near the heat source is less dense so it rises. Once it rises, it cools and becomes more dense. It sinks again back towards the heat source and becomes less dense again.
400
Begin with igneous rock. Explain how it could change through two more steps in the rock cycle.
Igneous rock could go through heat/pressure to turn into metamorphic rock. Then it could go through erosion/weathering to turn into sediment, and then compact/cement together into a sedimentary rock.
400
What is formed when two oceanic plates move away from each other?
A mid-ocean ridge (sea floor spreading)
400
Which type of seismic wave pushes and pulls? This wave is also the fastest type.
P wave
400
What kind of eruption occurs at a shield volcano?
Slow moving lava flow
500
Why is the inner core solid but the outer core is liquid? (the inner core is much hotter than the outer core)
The intense pressure deep within the earth prevents the inner core from becoming liquid.
500
Describe the processes involved in forming a sedimentary rock.