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BACKGROUND
READING
APPEARANCE
STUDIES
TEACHING TECHNIQUES
100
It was in this year and for this term that Rudolf Berlin was renouned in the field of learning disabilities.
What is 1887, German physician who first coined the term "dyslexia?"
100
A student, appears to be struggling with a reading task.
What is dyslexia, difficulty with reading, decoding, or spelling words, or maybe difficulty with accuracy or fluency through word recognition with a reading task.
100
Predict what happens when there are errors in forming connections or abnormal migration of nerve cells during gestation.
What is NMD, Neuronal Migration Disorder, which may cause learning disabilities. Migration starts during gestation beginning around two months. Some nerve cells do not take their predetermined paths causing LD's such as dyslexia.
100
Tell me about what Samuel Orton is most known for, and how he believes that it improves learning with students with learning disabilities.
What is multi-sensory method or Orton Gillingham method. Orton believes in the use of senses (sight, hearing) as well as movement allows children to engage in successful learning experiences. Using this method through repetition, embeds a visual image in children, creating more permanent connections in learning.
100
Improving comprehension with learning disabilites, dyslexia, is the strategies in reciprocal teaching. The strategies are summarizing, question generating, experimenting, and predicting. The part that does not fit.
What is experimenting. The segments/strategies in reciprocal teaching are summarizing, question generating, clarifying, and predicting. Students take turns in small groups with each part until they have practiced using every strategy with their reading selection.
200
Make a distinction between these two words; alexia and dyslexia.
What is the difficulty in the ability to read? Alexia is the loss of the ability to read from some sort of trauma (ex. stroke) and dyslexia is a born neurological disability resulting in difficulty in reading.
200
The idea that identifies phonological awareness
What is "the ability to listen inside a word?"
200
Conclusions that can be made about the area of abnormalities in dyslexic's brains are
What is left hemisphere of the brain, more specifically Broca's area and Wernicke's area. These two areas in the left hemisphere of the brain are known as the language stations, which produce language.
200
Identify the first step to be taught to students using the Orton Gillingham method.
What is done in a specific order, teaching the phoneme or sound which represents a letter. Specific phonemes with graphemes are taught first for example "B," may be taught towards the beginning since it has only one phoneme (sound) rather than "R" which has two.
200
The motivaiton for the VAKT technique in learning.
What is visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile learners. The motivation for this technique of teaching is to reach all students, because not all students learn in the same way. Some students are better visual learns where as other are better kinesthetic learners. Using this technique allows for learning through multiple senses.
300
Franz Joseph Gall made an important impact on the study of learning disabilities in which this study and discovery led to new understandings of characteristics.
What is phrenology, study of the shape and size of the brain determining character or behaviors and learning processes of an individual. Also claiming all functions are mental-driven as the brain is the central station.
300
Choose the best statement that applies to symptoms of dyslexia. -Problems in spelling -Difficulty in auditory learning -Difficulty in reading -Difficulty in recognizing individual sounds
What is difficulty in reading? (Difficulty in reading sums up the learning disability of dyselxia.)
300
Tell me the function of FMRI
What is Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to study the anatomical brain structure. This tool allows us to see where nerve cells migrated and if there are any abnormalities.
300
Past referrals of children with learning disabilities are recognized by their teachers. Teachers spend a lot of time with their students and are able to monitor strengths and weaknesses in learning specific skill areas. As a teacher of 1st grade, signs to look for in a student with a reading disability (dyslexia).
What is failure to break words into smaller parts/sounds, subsitution of unrelated words like boat and small, history of reading problems with family members, avoiding reading or unhappy about reading, and struggling to sound out words?
300
Two types of phonics instructions are synthetic (explicit) or analytic (implicit) phonics. A rule that would identify the phonics instruction as analytic or implicit phonics.
What is analytic phonics or implcit looks closely at letter and sound patters across words. An example of the rule out be D-ong, P-ong, L-ong etc...or S-ing, B-ing, R-ing.
400
In 1963, Samuel Kirk gave a speech in Chicago, "Referring to a retardation, disorder, or delayed development in one or more of the processes of speech, language, reading, writing, arithmetic, or other school subject resulting in a psychological handicap caused by a possible cerebral dysfunction and/or emotional or behavioral disturbances. It is not the result of mental retardation, sensory deprivation, or cultural and instructional factors." The premise of this speech would be?
What is a learning disability?
400
To master the complex task of reading a child must first understand the relationship between graphemes and phonemes
What is a word, graphemes are the letters and phonemes are the individual sounds of the grapheme or letter that creates the word. These work together to allow individuals to read.
400
The term "twice exceptional"
What is a child/student identified as gifted, meaning they score 130+ on the IQ test, but are also identified as having a severe discrepancy in a specific skill area. The severe discrepancy determines that the child/student has a specific learning disability in a specific area of study such as reading (dyslexia) or math (dyscalculia). This child is considered both gifted and having a learning disability, known as "twice exceptional".
400
An artifact to test students throughout a reading selection in which your goal is to improve student's comprehension.
What is story mapping or story map outline. These artifacts assist learners while reading to point out the most important information in the text which will help them in the understanding of what they are reading as well. It helps learners to read to knowledge.
400
Expected in using the NIM (Neurological Impress Method) Method with a child/student.
What is beginning below reading level with the child, while the facilitator reads slightly faster. Once mastered, the facilitator continues until the reading level is increases above the child's reading level and on target. The facilitator continues to read faster than the child and follows the words in the text with their finger reading each word as the finger touches it. The aim for this technique is to improve fluency and accuracy in reading. The child is expected to try to keep up through the use of seeing, hearing, and speaking simultaneously.
500
Given that a child scores 90 on his IQ test and a 84 in a math achievement test. What are the results of the discepancy, and can any conclusions be made based on the discrepancy?
What is 6 % discrepancy difference. This is not a standard deviation difference, and therefore is not a severe enough discrepancy to refer this child with a math learning disability.
500
Distinguish the difference between automaticity and fluency in reading.
What is using correct rhythm, intonation, and phrasing while reading sentences and phrases; which is fluency. Automaticity is word recognition while reading at a single word level.
500
Only about 5% of dyslexics struggle with mixed cerebral dominance or strephosymbolia. Judge the effects this disability causes.
What is letters seem mirrored when reading or writing, reading right to left (rather than left to right), letter reversals, confusion with words like "was or saw". Children will struggle to read, get stuck on words and not be able to comprehend the text because of how slow they are to get through the words.
500
Aware of a student with a reading disability, the teacher notices the student struggling through a written assessment. The teacher adapts his/her assessment, propose an alterntive.
What is an oral assessment. The teacher may have an aid who can assist her in the classroom, or maybe the teacher can just begin to assess orally to the entire class and make the written assessment no longer viable.
500
Design an activity using the Orton Gillingham method to teach children with dyslexia.
What is any activity using senses of sight, hearing, feeling, and movement simutaneously while learning sounds which represent letters. An example activity would be tracing a letter in carpet with feet while saying sound or finger in pudding while saying sound of letter etc..