A&P
The top of this space is the epiglottis, the bottom is the vocal folds, the sides are the aryepiglottic folds.
Laryngeal vestibule
A patient who presents with difficulty with bolus formation could have damage to CN XII. True or False?
True
weak breathy voice could be due to damage to this CN
X Vagus
A patient must swallow 3 ounces of water in sequential swallows without stopping, coughing, or throat clearing in order to pass this swallow screen
Yale
What compensatory strategy could be used when a patient demonstrates premature spillage of thin liquids into the pharynx due to insufficient back of tongue control?
Chin tuck
During swallowing, elevation of the larynx is accomplished through activation of these two muscle groups:
long pharyngeal
supra-hyoid
Relaxation of the cricopharyngeus, pressure of the bolus, and elevation of the hyolaryngeal complex contribute to opening of the UES. True or False?
True
the absence of this reflex does not predict dysphagia and/or aspiration
gag
During the oral mechanism examination, poor dentition or poor oral hygiene can indicate increased risk of
aspiration pnuemonia
Epiglottic inversion is a biomechanical movement that occurs though hyolaryngeal elevation and contraction of this muscle
tongue base
To masticate properly, which muscles must be intact?
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoids, lateral pterygoid
There are two general goals for swallowing: It should be efficient, which refers to the ability to move a bolus thru the pharynx in a timely fashion without leaving residue and it should be protective of the airway. True or False?
True
During your cranial nerve examination, you notice that the patient has a right-side facial droop, has some slight drooling on the right side and complains of food pocketing on the right lateral sulci. You suspect damage to which cranial nerve?
VII Facial
Runny nose and anterior loss of bolus ARE or ARE NOT reliable sign/symptoms of aspiration
are not
For an item to be considered aspirated, it must
pass the level of the vocal folds
During the pharngeal swallow the UES ______ to allow the bolus to pass into the esophagus
opens/relaxes
Rotating the head to the weak side as a compensatory strategy might be appropriate for a person with poor or ineffectient mastication. True or False?
False
Which CN is primarily responsible for the sensory and motor function in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
X Vagus
Visualization of the pharyngeal swallow is acheived through
"Hold your breath, bear down, swallow, then clear your throat" is instructions for this
Super Supraglottic Swallow
the swallow center is in this part of the brainstem
medulla oblongata
The labial seal prevents anterior spillage during the pharyngeal phase of the swallow. True or False?
False
The CN innervates muscles of mastication
V Trigeminal
Two spaces that are relevant to swallowing and are common sites of residue in the pharynx include
pifiform spaces and valleculae
What are the 6 levels of airway protection?
1. glottal closure
2. cessation of active ventilation
3. epiglottic inversion
4. laryngeal elevation/excursion
5. division of bolus
6. coughing