Swallowing Basics
What is dysphagia?
This term means difficulty swallowing.
This cranial nerve controls major chewing muscles.
CN V, the trigeminal nerve
This term describes material passing below the true vocal folds.
aspiration
This brief pass/fail procedure determines whether a full swallowing evaluation or referral is needed.
swallowing screening
This treatment approach works around an impairment to improve swallowing safety now.
What is compensatory treatment?
What is a bolus?
This is the term for the food or liquid being swallowed.
This cranial nerve controls lip and cheek muscles, including the buccinator.
CN VII, the facial nerve
This term describes material entering the laryngeal airway but remaining above the true vocal folds.
penetration
This measure describes a screening tool’s ability to correctly identify people who have dysphagia.
What is sensitivity
This treatment approach targets long-term improvement in swallowing function.
What is rehabilitative treatment?
What is the oral preparatory phase?
This swallowing phase involves chewing and preparing the bolus.
This cranial nerve controls most tongue muscles.
CN XII, the hypoglossal nerve
Aspiration without an obvious cough response is called this.
silent aspiration
This measure describes a screening tool’s ability to correctly identify people who do not have dysphagia.
What is specificity?
For unilateral weakness, head rotation is generally directed toward this side.
What is the weaker or damaged side?
What is the oral transit phase?
During this phase, the tongue pushes the bolus backward toward the throat.
These spaces lie between the tongue base and epiglottis and may collect residue
valleculae
This term describes the brief pause in breathing coordinated with swallowing.
swallowing apnea
Evidence-based practice combines these three sources of information.
What are research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient/caregiver values?
For unilateral weakness, head tilt is generally directed toward this side
What is the stronger side?
Name the four swallowing phases in order.
oral preparatory, oral transit, pharyngeal, and esophageal
This cranial nerve supplies much of the palate, pharynx, and larynx, including muscles responsible for vocal-fold closure.
CN X, the vagus nerve
Poor closure of this area can allow food or liquid to enter the nasopharynx.
velopharyngeal area
Name the six CSE components listed in your guide.
What are case history, self-assessment, physical examination, cognitive assessment, oral/pharyngeal/laryngeal examination, and trial swallows when appropriate?
This maneuver involves holding the larynx elevated to prolong elevation and help UES opening.
What is the Mendelsohn maneuver?