THE CRUSADERS
What was the main goal of the Crusades?
To reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control
When did the Black Death reach Europe?
1347
Who led the Ottomans in the conquest of Constantinople?
Mehmed II
What year did the Ottoman Empire capture Constantinople?
1453
The Roman people voted for leaders called
Representative
Which group controlled Jerusalem before the First Crusade?
The Seljuk Turks
Which region was most affected by the Black Death?
Europe
What major change occurred after the fall of Constantinople?
The spread of Byzantine culture to the West
What was a key factor in the Ottomans' military success?
The development of gunpowder artillery
In the Roman Republic, wealthy people who owned land were called
Patricians
What was one major effect of the Crusades on Europe?
The spread of new ideas and technologies
What was the Black Death?
A deadly plague that killed millions
What was the name of the last Byzantine Emperor?
Constantine XI
What was a key factor in the Ottomans' military success?
The development of gunpowder artillery
After Caesar’s death, Who ruled the East, Including Egypt?
Mark Antony
What was the result of the First Crusade?
Muslims permanently took control of the Holy Land
How did the Black Death contribute to the decline of feudalism?
It created a labor shortage, allowing peasants to demand higher wages and more rights.
What cannons did the Ottoman Empire use to besiege Constantinople?
Basilic
How did the use of gunpowder impact the rise of the Ottoman Empire?
It allowed the Ottomans to use powerful cannons, which helped them breach the walls of Constantinople and expand their empire
The preserver god of Hinduism maintains balance and order in the universe.
Vishnu
One major impact of the Crusades was the decline of what system in Europe.
Feudal
What was one major social effect of the Black Death?
Labor shortages leading to higher wages
This last major church, converted to a mosque after the city's fall, served as a symbolic representation of the Ottoman triumph.
Hagia Sophia
What elite military unit was made up of Christian boys converted to Islam?
Janissaries
One of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Abstaining from food and drink during Ramadan.
Sawm (Fasting)