Time and Evidence
What does BCE stand for?
Before Common Era.
What is another name for the Paleolithic Era?
The Old Stone Age.
What is the practice of growing crops and raising animals?
Agriculture.
What is irrigation?
Bringing water to crops to help them grow.
What is a surplus?
Extra food or resources beyond what is immediately needed.
What do we call an object made, used, or modified by humans?
An artifact.
What do we call people who hunt animals and gather wild plants for food?
Hunter-gatherers.
What does domestication mean?
Selecting and raising plants and animals for human use.
What fertile material can floods leave behind?
Silt.
What is specialization?
When people have different jobs because not everyone has to farm.
A diary written during a historical event would be what type of source?
A primary source.
Why were many Paleolithic people nomadic?
They moved to follow changing food and other resources.
What word describes people who live permanently in one location?
Sedentary.
Name two benefits rivers provided early civilizations.
Any two: drinking water, water for animals, transportation, fishing, irrigation/water for crops, or fertile soil.
What is a city-state?
A city and the surrounding territory that function as an independent political unit.
What is the difference between absolute and relative location?
Absolute location gives an exact location; relative location describes where something is compared with something else.
Before writing existed, how could people pass stories and knowledge from generation to generation?
Oral tradition.
How did agriculture contribute to population growth?
Farming could provide larger or more reliable food supplies, supporting more people
Why were rivers both helpful and dangerous?
They provided water, fertile land, food, and transportation, but floods could destroy homes, crops, and animals.
Why did growing civilizations need governments and bureaucracies?
Large populations needed people to organize workers, maintain irrigation, collect resources, keep records, enforce laws, and perform other government duties.
What five things does C.R.A.F.T. tell historians to examine?
Creator, Reason, Accuracy, Facts/Evidence, and Time.
What evidence do archaeologists study to learn about people who lived before written records?
Physical evidence, including artifacts.
Explain the connection between agriculture, surplus, and specialization.
Agriculture could produce a food surplus, which meant not everyone had to farm, allowing people to specialize in other jobs.
Name the four major river systems studied in this unit.
Tigris-Euphrates, Nile, Indus, and Huang He/Yellow River.
Put these developments in the correct general order: specialization, civilization, food surplus, population growth, better farming.
Better farming → food surplus → population growth → specialization → civilization.