Action Potentials
The name of the structure in the neuron where an action potential is generated.
What is the axon hillock?
This imaging technique would be used if we wanted to look at structure in particular.
What is CT or MRI? Either work.
This NT is commonly implicated in the reward pathway and involves pathways such as the mesolimbic pathway.
What is dopamine?
The lobe that Wernicke's area is found.
This individual's case was made famous because he was able to survive a significant brain injury yet retained most essential functions.
Who is Phineas Gage?
The part of the neuron that is breaking down in people that have multiple sclerosis (MS).
What is myelin sheath?
This technique detects blood oxygenation to measure neural activity.
20 bonus points if someone in your group is part of a lab that uses this method.
What is fMRI?
This NT is implicated in the mechanism of action for SSRIs, which are commonly used as the first line of medication to treat depression and anxiety.
Bonus 50 points if you can name at least 2 SSRIs and describe how they work at the level of the synapse
What is serotonin?
This midbrain structure is often seen to deteriorate in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
What is the substantia nigra?
Using the example of Pavlov's dog, the psychology terms used to describe the food and the bell.
What is a unconditioned stimulus (food) and neural stimulus/conditioned stimulus (bell)?
What is 3 sodium out, 2 potassium in?
This method involves injecting a small amount of radioactive tracer into the patient to compare metabolic rates.
20 bonus points if someone in your group is part of a lab that uses this method.
What is PET?
The catecholamine that is created from dopamine via a modification by dopamine beta- hydroxylase.
What is norepinephrine?
At least 3 brain structures that make up the limbic system.
What is the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala?
Severing this structure, in a procedure used initially to treat epilepsy, showed that the hemispheres can work independently.
The other compound necessary for an action potential to eventually message to the post-synaptic neuron. (Hint: not a NT)
What is calcium?
Needed for vesicles holding NT to fuse with synapse
This method picks up the electric signals in the brain from the scalp.
50 bonus points if you can list at least at least two types of brain waves and what they are associated with.
20 bonus points if someone in your group is part of a lab that uses this method.
What is EEG?
Beta: more actively thinking awake, alpha: awake but calm, theta: rest/early sleep, delta: deep sleep
The name of the enzyme that breaks down the NT that is in muscle contraction and the ANS.
What is Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)?
The brain structure that the pineal gland, which secretes melatonin, hangs off of.
What is the epithalamus?
The psychology term for the phenomenon where Little Albert was also scared by the white rabbit.
The concept in physics that serves as a model for what occurs in the neuron when a signal is transduced.
50 bonus points if you can name the formula that aligns with this. Hint: there are 4 terms in this formula
What is RC circuits?
R=p*(L/A)
With this method, voxels may be used? Must be able to describe what a voxel is for full credit.
What is MRI/fMRI/PET? Voxels are 3D pixels that allow for comparing activation in different regions and generally creating a map of activity.
A receptor subtype for glutamate and a drug that acts on it as an antagonist.
Can get partial credit (250 each part).
The hormones, in order, that are part of the HPA axis.
100 point bonus if you can list which part of the pituitary releases that hormone and another hormone secreted by that part of the pituitary
What is CRH (from HYP), ACTH (from anterior pituitary), CORT (from adrenal cortex)?
Anterior pituitary. Also releases: FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, endorphins, and GH (FLAT-PEG acronym)
The name of the researcher who became famous for challenging the reticular theory in neuroscience.
50 bonus points if you can describe what the reticular theory is.
Who is Santiago Ramón y Cajal?