Growth/Developmental
A nurse is explaining growth vs development to a parent. Which statement is correct?
A. Growth refers to emotional maturity
B. Development refers to increase in height
C. Growth refers to physical changes in the body
D. Development refers only to cognitive skills
C.Growth refers to physical changes in the body
Growth = physical changes (height, weight). Development = skills (cognitive, motor, social).
A child has a barking cough and stridor. Which condition is MOST likely?
A. Pneumonia
B. Asthma
C. Croup
D. Bronchiolitis
C. Croup
Rationale:
Croup = barking cough + stridor (hallmark).
A patient has severe hypoxia that does NOT improve with oxygen therapy. What condition?
A. Asthma
B. COPD
C. ARDS
D. Bronchitis
C. ARDS
Rationale:
ARDS = severe, refractory hypoxia
A newborn is diagnosed with myelomeningocele. Which is the nurse’s priority intervention immediately after birth?
A. Place the infant supine and dry thoroughly
B. Apply sterile moist dressing over the sac
C. Initiate oral feeding
D. Perform passive range of motion
B. Apply sterile moist dressing over the sac
Why B is correct:
Multiple Choice
A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant suspected of failure to thrive. Which finding is the most significant indicator?
A. Occasional vomiting after feeding
B. Weight below the 5th percentile
C. Sleeping 12 hours per night
D. Mild diaper rash
B. Weight below the 5th percentile
Rationale:
The most important indicator of FTT is poor weight gain, especially below the 5th percentile or falling percentiles. Other findings are less specific.
SATA
Which are examples of development? Select all that apply.
A. Learning to walk
B. Increase in head circumference
C. Speaking first words
D. Emotional bonding
E. Weight gain
A. Learning to walk
C. Speaking first words
D. Emotional bonding
Rationale:
Development = skills (motor, language, emotional). Growth = physical (B, E).
(SATA)
Which are components of innate immunity? Select all that apply.
A. Skin
B. White blood cells
C. Antibodies from vaccines
D. Mucous membranes
E. T lymphocytes memory
A. Skin
B. White blood cells
D. Mucous membranes
Rationale:
Innate = natural defenses (skin, WBCs). Adaptive = antibodies (C, E).
MC
Which teaching is MOST important for SIDS prevention?
A. Sleep with parents
B. Place infant on stomach
C. Place infant on back to sleep
D. Use soft blankets
C. Place infant on back to sleep
“Back to sleep” = #1 prevention for SIDS.
SATA
Which findings are commonly associated with spina bifida?
A. Hydrocephalus
B. Flaccid paralysis of lower extremities
C. Increased bowel and bladder control
D. Clubfoot deformities
E. Latex allergy risk
A. Hydrocephalus
B. Flaccid paralysis of lower extremities
D. Clubfoot deformities
E. Latex allergy risk
✔ A. Hydrocephalus — CORRECT
✔ B. Flaccid paralysis of lower extremities — CORRECT
❌ C. Increased bowel and bladder control — WRONG
👉 These children have:
✔ D. Clubfoot deformities — CORRECT
✔ E. Latex allergy risk — CORRECT 🚨
👉 Always use:
True or False
Failure to thrive is always caused by a medical condition.
FALSE
FTT can be:
Which behavior is expected in a hospitalized toddler?
A. Logical thinking
B. Regression (bedwetting)
C. Concern about body image
D. Desire for independence in schoolwork
B. Regression (bedwetting)
Rationale:
Toddlers → regression + tantrums under stress.
A nurse hears wheezing and thick mucus in an infant. Which condition?
A. Croup
B. RSV (bronchiolitis)
C. Pneumonia
D. Tuberculosis
B. RSV (bronchiolitis)
Rationale:
RSV = wheezing + mucus + infants.
Which is the MOST important risk factor for COPD?
A. Genetics
B. Smoking
C. Exercise
D. Infection
B. Smoking
Rationale:
Smoking = #1 cause of COPD
True or False
Children with spina bifida often have normal motor and sensory function
False
They usually have motor & sensory deficits
SATA
Which nursing interventions are appropriate for a child with failure to thrive?
A. Daily weight monitoring
B. Small frequent feedings
C. Restrict fluids
D. High-calorie diet
E. Monitor intake and output
A. Daily weight monitoring
B. Small frequent feedings
D. High-calorie diet
E. Monitor intake and output
Rationale:
SATA
Which are appropriate nursing interventions for hospitalized children?
A. Allow parents to stay
B. Maintain routine
C. Restrict family visits
D. Use age-appropriate communication
E. Ignore emotional needs
A. Allow parents to stay
B. Maitain routine
D. Use age-appropriate communication
Rationale:
Family-centered + routine + age-appropriate care reduces stress.
(SATA)
Which diagnostic tests are used for respiratory infections?
(SATA)
Which diagnostic tests are used for respiratory infections?
A. Pulse oximetry
B. Chest X-ray
C. CBC
D. MRI of brain
E. Nasopharyngeal swab
A. Pulse oximetry
B. Chest X-ray
C. CBC
E. Nasopharyngeal swab
Rationale:
MRI not used. Others assess oxygenation + infection
(SATA)
Which medications are used for asthma?
A. Albuterol
B. Inhaled corticosteroids
C. Mucolytics
D. Bronchodilators
E. Insulin
A. Albuterol
B. Inhaled corticosteroids
D. Bronchodilators
Asthma → bronchodilators + steroids. Mucolytics mostly COPD.
A parent asks why their child with spina bifida needs frequent repositioning. What is the best response?
A. To prevent infection
B. To improve circulation
C. To prevent pressure ulcers
D. To strengthen muscle
C. To prevent pressure ulcers
Prevents pressure ulcers due to immobility
Which statement by a parent indicates correct understanding of feeding instructions?
A. “I will dilute the formula to make it last longer.”
B. “I will follow the exact mixing instructions for formula.”
C. “I will feed only when the baby cries.”
D. “I will skip night feedings.”
B. “I will follow the exact mixing instructions for formula.”
Rationale:
Correct formula preparation is critical.
❌ Diluting formula → worsens FTT
❌ Inconsistent feeding → inadequate intake
SATA
Which factors affect growth and development?
A. Genetics
B. Nutrition
C. Family support
D. Stress
E. Oxygen therapy
A. Genetics
B. Nutrition
C. Family support
D. Stress
Rationale:
Biological, environmental, emotional factors all affect development.
SATA
Which are signs of respiratory distress in a child?
A. Nasal flaring
B. Retractions
C. Grunting
D. Bradycardia
E. Tachypnea
A. Nasal flaring
B. Retractions
C. Grunting
E. Tachypnea
Rationale:
Classic distress signs = flaring, retractions, grunting, ↑ RR.
(SATA)
Which nursing interventions are appropriate for COPD?
A. High-flow oxygen
B. Low-flow oxygen (2L NC)
C. Pursed-lip breathing
D. Encourage smoking
E. Monitor SpO₂
B. Low-flow oxygen (2L NC)
C. Pursed-lip breathing
E. Monitor SpO₂
Rationale:
COPD = low O₂, breathing techniques, monitoring.
SATA
Which complications should the nurse anticipate in a child with spina bifida?
A. Urinary retention
B. Recurrent UTIs
C. Constipation
D. Hypertension
E. Skin breakdown
A. Urinary retention
B. Recurrent UTIs
C. Constipation
E. Skin breakdown
Recurrent UTIs — CORRECT 🚨
👉 Many need intermittent catheterization
Constipation — CORRECT
SATA (Select All That Apply)
Which findings are commonly seen in a child with failure to thrive?
A. Delayed development
B. Irritability
C. Rapid weight gain
D. Poor feeding
E. Lethargy
A. Delayed development
B. Irritability
D. Poor feeding
E. Lethargy
Rationale:
FTT presents with: