DVT
Hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and endothelial injury is the etiology
What is Virchow's triad?
Risk factors for PE.
What are prolonged immobilization, central venous catheters, surgery, obesity, advancing age, history of thromboembolism?
This protein is present when fibrin degradation occurs with fibrinolysis and can help with PE diagnosis.
What is a d-dimer?
This term is used to describe the "stoppage" of venous blood that can result in ulcers, swelling, and cellulitis.
What is stasis?
The goal in treating venous insufficiencies is to decrease edema and this?
What is promote venous return?
Inflammation of vein where blood clot can form.
What is thromboembolism?
The most common cause of PE.
What is DVT?
This is the mainstay treatment for PE.
What is anticoagulation?
Two ways of determining VTE diagnosis.
What is radiographic contrast studies, ultrasound, CT scan, VQ scan, & D-dimer?
Dehydration increases the risk of thromboembolism. This intervention can minimize this effect.
What is maintain adequate fluid volume status?
Type of surgeries that place patients at higher risk
What is hip, total knee replacement, and open prostate surgeries?
The classic signs of PE.
What is sudden dyspnea, CP, cough, hemoptysis, feeling of doom, restlessness?
This anticoagulant does not cross the placenta barrier and is considered the treatment of choice for PE during pregnancy.
What is low molecular weight heparin?
When to stop LMWHs before surgery.
What is 24 hours prior to surgery?
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a complication of this drug.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a complication of heparin therapy. There are two types of HIT. Type 1 HIT presents within the first 2 days after exposure to heparin, and the platelet count normalizes with continued heparin therapy.
The classic symptoms of DVT.
What is calf /groin tenderness and pain, sudden onset of unilateral swelling of leg, localized edema, warmth, redness, and induration?
Classification of drugs used to treat patients with PE who have hemodynamic collapse.
What are thrombolytics?
This is the now-commonly accepted and used imaging study in order to evaluate possible PE?
What is CT Pulmonary Angiography?
Reversal agent for heparins.
What is protamine sulfate?
Reverse Trendelenburg and this surgical position have been shown to reduce venous return and cause venous stasis.
What is lithotomy?
Current term that includes DVT and PE.
What is venous thromboembolism?
This type of pleuritic pain is usually present with those experiencing a PE.
What is unilateral?
This treatment should be considered when patients have an acute PE and have an absolute contraindication to anticoagulation.
What is an inferior vena cava filter?
Trauma to the long bones of the body can result in this type of embolus.
What is a fat embolus?
A gauze moistened with zinc oxide and covered with elastic wrap used to treat certain types of venous insufficiencies.
What is an Unna Boot?