The Communication Process
________ can have arbitrary and multiple meanings, and are context dependent.
Symbols
______ refers to the unified, coherent and organized sets of explanations, concepts and principles describing some aspect of the world.
Theory
A theory should offer the simplest, most accurate explanation. Which one of the seven criteria is this referring to?
Parsimony
When someone uses a metaphor, are they using denotative or connotative language?
Connotative
People have a tendency to favor their out-group. True or false?
False
What is this referring to? "The idea that the self is accomplished by seeing ourselves as others see us."
The Looking Glass Self
What research method involves the manipulation of one variable (independent variable) in order to measure its influence on another variable (dependent variable)?
Experiment
_________ are abstract thoughts and notions that capture the characteristics or attributes of something.
Constructs
When a person attempts to change the attitude of others, which of the functions of language are they invoking?
Persuasive function of language
Which theory is this referring to? "The idea that people do not have a single self, but rather several selves that correspond to their different group memberships. Group membership creates a self-identification that favors the in-group over the out-group."
Social identity theory
______ refer to mental structures built from past experiences that we use to process new information and organize new experiences.
Schema
What research method involves researchers asking a sample of a certain population questions about their experience or attitudes?
Survey
Name the 7 criteria that are used to evaluate theory.
Novelty, Scope, Coherence, Validity, Parsimony, Heuristic Value, Staying Power.
Name all the stages in the HURIER model of communication.
Hearing, Understanding, Remembering, Interpreting, Evaluating, Responding
According to Hofstede, what type of culture values characteristics such as assertiveness, competitiveness, wealth, hierarchy and ambition; and tends to use words like "me" and "I"?
Masculine cultures
_______ refer to specific sets of expectations that people use to make sense of specific social situations.
Frames
What is epistemology?
How is knowledge created?
Which of the Four Discourses of Communication is this? "Research that is interested in in the normalization or generalization of experience through a search for law-like rules to govern human experience."
Normative Discourse / Studies
According to Politeness Theory, what are the communication strategies we use to protect face called?
Facework
According to Howell, which level represents true intercultural communication competence?
Unconscious competence
What is the model about "meaning is constructed through cycles of encoding, decoding and negotiation"?
Osgood and Schramm’s Model of Communication
Name one strength of textual analysis.
- Allows for subjects and often critical interpretation.
- Deep understanding of the content.
Which of the Seven Traditions of Communication is this referring to? "Research that focuses on psychological variables, individual effects, personalities and traits, perception, and cognition."
Sociopsychological tradition of communication
According to Politeness Theory, we have a desire to be approved of or appreciated, which leads to positive politeness in language. What are these needs called?
Positive face-wants
According to Hall, what type of culture requires less detailed explanation because the context provides cues for meaning making?
High-context cultures