Basic Principles of ABA
What is the definition of "behavior" in ABA?
Behavior refers to any observable and measurable acts of an organism
What is negative reinforcement?
the removal of an aversive stimulus after a behavior which increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future
What is the most basic measure of behavior in ABA? (like type of data collection)
Frequency
What is the primary purpose of an FBA?
To determine a hypothesized function of a behavior(s), which helps to identify the causes and plan for effective interventions
What is the main goal of behavior modification in ABA?
To modify socially significant behaviors in an individual's life through the use of reinforcement, punishment, and extinction
What is the term for when a behavior is followed by a stimulus that increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again?
Reinforcement
What is the difference between unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers?
Unconditioned reinforcers (primary) are naturally reinforcing (i.e. food, water) while conditioned reinforcers (secondary) gain their value through association with primary reinforcers (i.e. money)
What is duration data?
refers to the amount of time that a behavior occurs
Name the four functions of behavior AND give an example of each
attention (staff looks away, student hits staff to get them to look at them), escape (staff present student with seatwork, student runs out of the classroom), access to tangibles (classmate takes a toy the student was playing with, student pushes classmate down and removes the toy from their hands to play with), automatic/sensory (student scratches in itch)
What is a motivating operation?
Alters the value or effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event
What is shaping?
The concept that involves the gradual process of reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior, often used when the desired behavior is not yet in the individual's repertoire
Refers to the specific rules that dictate when a behavior will be reinforced
What does inter-response time refer to?
the amount of time that passes between two consecutive occurrences of a behavior
What does an antecedent and consequence refer to in an FBA?
An antecedent is a stimulus or event that occurs directly before a behavior potentially influencing the behavior to occur. A consequence is a stimulus or an event that occurs directly after a behavior which provides more information on the possible function
What is the purpose of a task analysis?
breaks a complex behavior into smaller, more manageable steps, making it easier to complete
What is Stimulus Control?
It occurs when behavior is more likely to occur in the presence of a specific stimulus due to prior learning
what is the difference between positive and negative punishment?
Positive punishment involves adding an undesired stimulus to decrease a behavior while negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus to decrease behavior
Latency refers to the measurement of the amount of time that passes between the presentation of a stimulus and the initiation of a specific behavior
What is a functional analysis?
involves systematically manipulating environmental variables to test different hypotheses to determine the function of a behavior
What is Functional Communication Teaching (FCT)?
Teaches individuals to use appropriate communication methods (vocal, sign, PEC) to replace maladaptive behaviors
What is the principle of operant conditioning?
It refers to the process of learning through consequences, where behaviors are shaped by reinforcement and punishment
What are differential reinforcement procedures?
involves reinforcing one behavior while withholding reinforcement for a different undesirable behavior
What is a continuous measurement procedure in ABA?
It records every instance of a behavior without interruption, providing data on every occurrence of the target behavior
What is the difference between a direct and indirect assessment in an FBA?
direct assessments involves directly observing and recording the behavior yourself, while indirect assessments involves gathering information through interviews, questionnaires, and/or reports
What is extinction?
Withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior leading to a decrease in that behavior over time