Cold injuries
an injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues. It causes a cold feeling followed by numbness, warmness, swelling and even discoloring of tissue.
frostbite
Percentage of heat lost through head and neck
About 45%
unless you are ———— certain that a well-traveled road or occupied home/building is within a VERY short, EASY walk and the weather allows, stay put
100%
?? inches thick It should be ok to stand, skate, and ice fish on the surface
4 inches
alcohol and THIS make blood cool faster, putting you at higher risk of hypothermia if ingested
Caffeine
In this STAGE of frostbite the skin will begin to turn from a reddish color to a paler color. In some cases, it may appear blue. Skin may begin to feel warm and have some swelling.
2nd stage
Heat loss speeds up when skin is exposed to these TWO things
Wind moisture (water)
If and only if it’s necessary you can run vehicle to stay warm. If you run the engine, run your vehicle’s engine for —————- periods Of time.
Brief/ short / 10 minutes
Snowmobile or small ATV - Wait for — to — inches of solid, clear ice
5 to 7
Before you run vehicle to stay warm check
this can be accomplished by soaking the area in luke warm (NOT HOT) water for 15 to 30 minutes. May hurt tingle prickle
Rewarming or treatment for frostbite
Hypothermia is a condition that occurs when core body temperature drops below
95 Fahrenheit
Average car uses ——— per hour at idle
1/2 a gallon
clear ?? Ice is the safest
Blue
Shivering is the body's attempt to warm itself. Shivering stops when the body temperature drops to
90 F
skin is red and cold to the touch, if you remain you in the cold, it may begin to feel numb or have a prickling sensation.
This can be treated with simple first aid measures that include preventing further exposure to cold and rewarming.
Frostnip
know that the water doesn’t have to be super-cold to cause hypothermia, hypothermia can set in when you are in any water colder than
Your body temp
( specifically when waters below 80 F )
You think you may be stuck in car for a while before someone finds you, maybe even overnight and it’s 5 F outside.
should you leave the hazards or headlights on?
NO
Its estimated that after 3-4 or so hours of lights running, hazards and headlights, it may cause your battery to drain, and you may not be able to start the car later to warm yourself
If you must drive onto the ice in a vehicle do these 2 things
unbuckle your seatbelt and
roll down the window.
Cold temperatures can cause condensation to form on the walls of a gas tank that is running low. Water will drip into the gas and eventually sink to the bottom. If water gets into the fuel lines, it will freeze.
How much gas should you keep in car in winter for freezing and emergency purposes
1/2 a tank
There’s are how many degrees of frostbite. With the worst degree of frostbite affecting the freezing of muscles, tendons, and bones.
FOUR
3 of the early and MAJOR symptoms of hypothermia
Shivering
Exhaustion- tired slow
Change in heart rate - slow weak at first, than rapid and weak as symptoms get worse
change breathing - slowed
Slurred speech or mumbling
The symptoms often begin gradually. Also, the confused thinking associated with hypothermia prevents self-awareness.
Only times you’d get out and stay out of your car, is if your vehicle is still partially on the highway blocking traffic or in the traffic lane-or
(Find a location that is safe and very far off and away from the car and highway.)
If your car is stopped somewhere you think you’ll likely be hit by another vehicle
Many fatal snowmobile through-the-ice accidents occur because the machine was traveling too fast for the operator to stop when the headlamp illuminated the hole in the ice. This is called ???.
Don’t drive faster than 15 on ice and 30-40 on trails at night
Overriding your headlights
You only have approximately 10 minutes to get out of the water or you’ll lose the use of your fingers, arms and legs. But you have about ??? before you loose consciousness. (As long as head is above the water)
About an hour