key terms
What is the unit of inheritance that controls one characteristic?
gene
Mendel’s Law states that each parent contributes how many alleles for each trait?
one allele
How to write the genotype of a homozygous recessive individual?
aa
Where is DNA found inside a cell?
Nucleus
two types of variation
continuous and discontinuous variation
What term describes different forms of the same gene?
Alleles
Mendel and Inheritance
Pea plant
In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). What are the possible genotypes for brown eyes?
BB or Bb
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23
The typical theory used to explain the black moth are more frequent during industrial evolution?
Natural selection
What term means the physical appearance of an organism?
Phenotype
In Mendel’s experiments, what ratio appeared in the F₂ generation for dominant: recessive traits?
3:1
If two heterozygous parents (Bb) are crossed, what percentage of offspring are expected to have blue eyes?
25%
What are the bases of DNA and how do they pair?
A-T C-G
What causes mutations to happen more frequently?
Give at least two types
Radiation
Toxic chemicals
What do we call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait?
Heterozygous
What term describes the situation where both alleles are equally expressed (e.g., in blood groups)?
Codominance
If two health parents are crossed, a child with disease was born (except mutation), is the allele carry disease recessive or dominant?
Recessive
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Will mutation occurs in body cells be inherited?
No
Which term describes when one allele completely masks the effect of another?
Dominant
Which country does Mendel comes from?
Austria
What tool is used to predict genetic outcomes of a cross?
Punnett square
What do we call a change in the sequence of DNA bases?
Mutation
A man with blood group A and a woman with blood group B have a child with blood group O. What are the parents’ possible genotypes?
Father: Iᴬi and Mother: Iᴮi