A
What city became the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
What language was mainly spoken in the Byzantine Empire?
Greek
What was the main church of the Byzantine Empire called?
Orthodox Church
Who was the leader of the Orthodox Church?
The Patriarch
Who is the founder of Islam?
Muhammad
What role did guilds serve?
They trained workers and regulated trades.
What warrior class served Japanese lords?
Samurai
Why were the Mongols successful conquerors?
Strong cavalry, military organization, and fear tactics.
What caused the collapse of the Tang Dynasty
Rebellions and weak government.
What city was the main goal of the Crusades?
Jerusalem
How did the Black Death spread?
Through fleas on rats traveling trade routes.
What two major goods were traded in West Africa?
Salt and gold
Why was the Sahara important?
It influenced trade routes and travel.
What were indulgences?
Payments for forgiveness of sins.
Who wrote the Ninety-five Theses?
Martin Luther
What term means beliefs against Church teachings?
Heresy
Why was the printing press revolutionary?
Books spread faster, literacy increased, and ideas spread across Europe.
How did the Church influence everyday life during the Middle Ages?
It controlled education, morality, laws, festivals, and salvation beliefs.
What system was based on land for military service?
Feudalism
What canal connected northern and southern China?
Grand Canal
Explain TWO major causes of the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Disagreement over the Pope’s authority, Language differences (Latin vs Greek), Religious practices and beliefs
What were peasants tied to the land called?
Serfs
Why was Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage historically important?
It spread Mali’s reputation and increased economic and cultural connections.
What desert affected trade routes in North Africa?
Sahara
How did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
He criticized indulgences and Church corruption and promoted salvation through faith.