Early Childhood Language Development
M, P, H, D, B
What are sounds children typically have by age 2
_________ is an innate attribute that defines a child's approach to the world and their interactions with the environment.
What is Temperament.
Middle childhood spans what ages?
What is 6-12 years old
What is cognition
What is separation anxiety
First attempts of language communication such as babbling and cooing happen during this stage
What is the prelinguistic stage
Benefits of health social-emotional development in early childhood include...
What is: Better self-confidence, increased empathy, decreased distress, better self-regulation
Kids this age are recommended to get how much sleep?
What is 9-12 hours a night
The capacity of this type of memory grows a lot during middle childhood. The type of memory plays a big role in how children process, use and remember information on a daily basis.
What is Working Memory
A person with a higher level of knowledge or skill than a learner and who can help the learner through guidance and support
What is More Knowledgeable Other
Birth to about 6 years old are key years for language development because kids have a natural burst of learning during these times called...
What are sensitive periods
The ability to understand that other people have different beliefs, desires, intentions and emotions is called what?
What is Theory of Mind
Piaget called this stage of development, what?
What is Concrete Operational
________________ perspectives of cognitive development posit that a child's cognition is constructed by the social environment
The elements of play are:
Risky, Rough and Tumble, Speed, Height, Solitary, Dangerous Elements
During the 'Two-Word Stage' at 18-24 months, children should have approximately how many words?
What is 50
Much like a game of ping-pong or tennis, this important back and forth is essential for building and strengthening neural connections.
What is Serve and Return
___________ takes on a huge role of importance during middle childhood and plays into a child's beliefs of their worth, competence and attractiveness.
What are friendships
______________ is the ability to focus on specific information even if other information is being processed at the same time. This sees a sharp improvement during middle childhood.
What is Selective Attention
During middle childhood _________ slows down which helps with improvements in motor skills
Physical growth
When speaking in short sentences to an unfamiliar person, a 3 year old is understood approximately what percent of the time?
What is 68%
According to Erik Erikson between 18 months to 2 or 3 years old and during the second stage of social development children are focused on developing a greater sense of self control. This stage is called...
What is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Building on the work of Piaget, this theorist wanted to find out how moral reasoning changes as we get older. To explore this, he read a moral dilemma to children caring more about how they arrived at their answer rather than the answer itself.
Who is Lawrence Kohlberg
______________ is the brain actively removes unnecessary neural connections, refining the network and strengthening the pathways most frequently used, effectively optimizing cognitive functions based on a child's experiences and environment.
What is synaptic pruning.
This is an exchange of calm that occurs between two people- with children this can help them learn to manage their own emotions
What is Co-Regulation