Wilhelm M. Wundt
Wundt's principle of contrast maintains that opposite experiences intensify one another. What is an example describing this concept?
Page. 251. For example after eating something sour, something sweet tastes even sweater and after a painful experience, pleasure is more pleasurable.
What is Titchener's stimulus error?
Titchener wanted his subjects to report sensations not perceptions.
What did Brentano mean by intentionality?
Mental acts always intend something.That is, mental acts embrace either some object in the physical world or some mental image (idea)
What is the difference between mediate experience and immediate experience?
Mediate are other natural sciences that use recording devices and is not direct.
Immediate psychology is human consciousness
What was Titchener contribution to psychology
Structuralism- Psychology should study consciousness by breaking it down into its basic components and then study how they are related.
What did Vaihinger mean by his contention that without fictions, societal life would be impossible?
Everyday communication would be impossible without fictional words and phrases, according to Vaihinger. Science would be impossible without such fictions as matter and causality.
How does voluntarism compare to nondeterminism?
For Wundt, voluntarism was his version of will in how humans decide by motivation and purpose.
Nondeterminism is the thought or how a behavior is selected independently, however, is not associated with physical or mental events.
How does Titchener’s idea of mind body relationship compare to that of Descartes?
Descartes- The mind penetrated the entire body for the body operates according to physical principles, while the mind does not (both mind and body influence each other).
Titchener's-
What did Husserl’s believe was basic to any science?
Believed that essences must precede any attempt to understand the interactions between humans and their environment. This was because all sciences ultimately depend on human mental attributes.
What were the ideas Wundt developed? Explain what they mean.
Introspection and structuralism
Introspection is a technique he used to study the mind where he observed your inner thought process while being present with the stimulus.
Structuralism is the structure of the mind broken down into components such as perception and attention and emotion.
Describe Titchener's three states of consciousness.
* Sensations (elements of perceptions)
* Images (elements of ideas)
* Affections (elements of emotions).
According to Titchener, an element could be known only by listing its attributes.
Summarize Brentano’s act psychology
Believed that introspection should be used to understand the functions of the mind rather than its elements. Brentano’s position came to be called act psychology.