Prehistory
This period refers to the time before written records.
What is Prehistory?
This term describes people who migrated from place to place, following their food.
What are Nomads?
Early civilizations were often polytheistic, meaning they believed in this.
What are many gods?
These were the four major river valley civilizations
What are the Sumerian/Mesopotamian (Tigris & Euphrates), Egyptian (Nile), Harappan (Indus), and Chinese (Huang He/Yangzi) civilizations?
These were the three most famous city-states in Mesopotamia.
What are Sumer, Babylon, and Ur?
Early humans are believed to have evolved and migrated from this continent.
What is Africa?
This famous fossil was discovered in East Africa by archaeologist Donald Johanson in 1974.
Who is Lucy?
This class often occupied the top level of early civilizations' social hierarchies, along with nobles.
Who are priests?
The benefit of settling near rivers for early civilizations (there's 3).
What is access to drinking water, fertile land, and trade routes?
This code consisted of 282 laws that emphasized justice and punishment based on social class.
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
These tools were first used by Paleolithic people to meet their basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing.
What are Stone Tools?
The surplus of this led to the growth of populations and the establishment of cities during the Neolithic Age.
What is food?
This is one of the 8 features of civilization, necessary to manage surplus food and supplies, oversee cities, and establish laws.
What is Organized Government?
This natural disaster was critical for agriculture in the Indus Valley.
What are Monsoons?
This early form of writing was invented by the Sumerians.
What is Cuneiform?
This scientific field studies humans and their cultures, both past and present.
What is Anthropology?
This revolution marked the transition from nomadic life to settled farming and the birth of civilizations.
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
This feature involves the division of labor where individuals specialize in specific tasks or professions, such as artisans, farmers, and merchants.
What is Job Specialization?
This group invaded the Indus Valley around 1500 BCE and introduced Sanskrit.
Who are the Aryans?
The Sumerians built these large, tiered temples to honor their gods.
What are Ziggurats?
These are objects made by humans, such as tools and art, that archaeologists study.
What are artifacts?
The Old Stone Age, where humans primarily hunted and gathered for survival, lasted from 2 million BCE to this time.
What is 10,000 BCE
This feature of civilization involves the construction of roads, bridges, and irrigation systems to benefit the entire population.
What is Public Works?
This ancient Chinese philosophy held that rulers were chosen by the gods and could lose their right to rule if they were unjust.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
The Fertile Crescent is also known by this term.
What is "The Cradle of Civilization"?