ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
Where were the satellite countries located?
Eastern Europe
What was Truman's foreign policy to keep communism from spreading called?
containment
What was the first satellite launched (by Soviets) into space called?
Sputnik
What caused the Korean War?
North Korea (backed by the Soviet Union) invaded South Korea.
Who was the nationalist, but also communist, leader of North Vietnam after WWII?
Ho Chi Minh
What were nations that were kept under the Soviet Union's influence called?
Satellite nations
What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?
How did the U.S. respond to the Soviet's launch of Sputnik?
They created NASA & spent a bunch of $ on math and science education.
(space race started)
Describe how the Korean War ends.
They signed an armistice to stop fighting.
Korea remained divided at the 38th parallel.
North Korea stayed communist. South Korea stayed an ally of the U.S.
What agreement led to the French withdrawing from Vietnam and Vietnam being "temporarily" split into North and South Vietnam.
the Geneva Accords
What is the division between Eastern and Western Europe called, as coined by Winston Churchill?
the Iron Curtain
What two countries did the Truman Doctrine give aid to in order to fight communist aggression?
Greece & Turkey
Why was the Berlin Wall built?
Why was it significant?
It was built by the Soviet Union to keep people from leaving East Berlin/East Germany to escape to more freedom under the U.S. controlled West Berlin.
It stood as a physical symbol of the East-West Cold War division for decades.
What was the failed invasion by CIA-trained Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro from power called?
Bay of Pigs Invasion
What theory caused the U.S. to get involved in Vietnam's civil war?
Define this theory.
the domino theory
= if we let Vietnam fall to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia will fall to communism
Where was the decision to divide Germany after World War II made?
The Yalta Conference
What was the mutual defense alliance formed by the U.S., Canada, and Western Europe called?
How did the Soviet Union respond to this alliance?
NATO
Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact
CHANGES UNDER MAO ZEDONG:
What was the five-year plan to make large collective farms in China?
What was the revolution by the Red Guards that glorified hard work and looked down on intellect?
the Great Leap Forward
the Cultural Revolution
Why was the Korean War a turning point in the Cold War for the U.S.?
It led our focus to Asia (not just containment in Europe).
It began a big military build up (arms race) since the U.S. was now using the military not just money to contain communism.
What was the credibility gap?
What caused it?
People distrusted the government.
TV/media coverage of the Vietnam War showed we were losing, but the government kept insisting that the war was almost over and that we were winning.
Contrast the Soviet Union's & United State's economic and political goals.
Economic goals = US - capitalism v. USSR -communism
Political goals = US - democracy v. USSR - security/dictatorship
What caused the Berlin Airlift?
Why was the Berlin Airlift significant?
Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin
The U.S. showed its commitment to containing communism & kept West Berlin from falling under Soviet control.
Describe how China fell to communism after WWII.
Why was Taiwan significant?
There was a civil war in China between the Nationalists under Kai-shek & the Communists under Mao Zedong.
Communists won despite the Nationalists getting financial aid from the U.S.
Communists set up the People's Republic of China on the Chinese mainland. Nationalists fled to Taiwan and claimed to rule China from there.
What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?
How did it end?
Why was it significant?
The U.S. saw Soviet nuclear missiles being placed in Cuba.
The Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba & the U.S. removed our missiles from Turkey.
It could have ended in nuclear war and the end of the world had the U.S. & U.S.S.R. decided to attack one another.
Why was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution significant?
How was this resolution repealed (changed) by the War Powers Act?
Gulf of Tonkin (1964) = President can do whatever he wants to win a war (send troops, etc...) - it led to escalated involvement in Vietnam when Johnson send in ground troops
War Powers Act (1973) = limits the President's ability as commander in chief by giving Congress ability to remove troops from combat after 60 days & requiring the President to notify Congress of troop movement within 48 hrs