Philosophies of Punishment
This philosophy of punishment focuses on giving offenders what they “deserve.”
What is retribution?
This model of justice prioritizes efficiency and controlling crime, sometimes at the expense of individual rights.
What is the crime control model?
These early punishments were often physical, public, and brutal.
What are early punishments?
This is the main difference between jails and prisons.
What is that jails hold people short-term and prisons hold people long-term?
This group is vulnerable because they have not been convicted and may stay in jail solely due to inability to pay bail.
Who are pretrial detainees?
This punishment philosophy aims to prevent future crime by making an example of the punishment.
What is deterrence?
This justice model emphasizes protecting individual rights and following proper legal procedures.
What is the due process model?
These institutions focused on labor and discipline as a form of correction.
What are Bridewells or Houses of Correction?
This process includes fingerprinting, photographing, and entering personal information.
What is the booking process?
This population is at high risk due to lack of adequate treatment and increased suicide risk.
Who are people with mental illness?
This philosophy focuses on protecting society by removing offenders from the community.
What is incapacitation?
This school of thought assumes people are rational and commit crime after weighing costs and benefits.
What is the classical school?
This prison system emphasized total isolation and silence.
What is the Pennsylvania (Separate) System?
People held in jail who have not yet been convicted of a crime fall under this category.
What is pretrial detention?
This vulnerable group faces unique health and safety risks while incarcerated.
Who are women, pregnant women, juveniles, and the elderly?
This punishment philosophy emphasizes treatment, education, and behavior change.
What is rehabilitation?
This school of thought focuses on biological, psychological, and social factors that influence crime.
What is the positivist school?
This prison system allowed inmates to work together but required silence.
What is the Auburn (Congregate) System?
This social factor strongly contributes to jail overcrowding and pretrial detention.
What is poverty?
This jail innovation emphasizes constant staff-inmate interaction and reduced use of force.
What is podular direct supervision?
This philosophy focuses on helping offenders successfully return to society after incarceration.
What is reintegration?
This school of thought supports individualized punishment based on the offender rather than the offense.
What is the positivist school?
This reformatory focused on rehabilitation, education, and indeterminate sentencing.
What is the Elmira Reformatory?
These are two ways jails attempt to reduce overcrowding.
What are alternatives like bail reform, diversion programs, or early release?
These programs pair police officers with mental health professionals to respond to crises.
What are police–health care co-responder programs?