Renaissance
Italian artist, sculpture, inventor who was an example of a“Renaissance man.”, he painted the Last Supper?
Leonardo Da Vinci
Given by Charles VI just prior to his death (1740) allowing his daughter, Maria Theresa to inherit Austria and Hapsburg lands despite being a woman.
Pragmatic Sanction
Considered the most brilliant Enlightenment philosopher, he frequently targeted the clergy, aristocracy, and government
Voltaire
Italian explorer commissioned to find a shorter route to Asia by sailing westward. Goal was to break away from the Portuguese hold on the Mediterranean Sea trade.
Christopher Columbus
Considered the model of an absolute monarch. Built Versailles.
Louis XIV
He was the father of Humanism
Petrarch
A Catholic, he inherited Spain after the abdication of his father, led the Spanish Counter-Reformation, but failed to invade England with his Armada.
Philip II
He said government should protect,” his life, liberty, and property—against the injuries and attempts of other men.”
John Locke
He commissioned sailors to search for a new path to the Indian Ocean for Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator
He issued the Edict of Nantes
Henry IV
This invention aided the spread of Renaissance and Reformation ideas through Europe.
Printing Press
Ruled from 1516-56, faced the Reformation, and defended family lands from the Ottomans. He split the Hapsburg Spanish and Holy Roman lands b/w his son and brother.
Charles V
The father of Capitalism, he wrote the 'Wealth of Nations' in 1776.
Adam Smith
He was the tsar of Russia who westernized it.
Peter the Great
The art technique that involved making distant objects smaller than those in the foreground; gave depth to the painting.
perspective
The 1648 treaty ending the Thirty Years’ War (the Protestant rebellion against the HRE).
Treaty of Westphalia
He thought that humans are basically good by nature but corrupted by society. He said "Men are born free, but everywhere he is in chains"
Jean Jacques Rousseau
They sponsored Christopher Columbus' voyages.
Isabel and Ferdinand of Spain
This office was not bought, was appointed by the king, ensuring the officials’ loyalty.
Intendants
Renaissance scholars of classical Greek and Roman works of literature and thought who were great advocates of liberal arts education and the importance of the individual.
Humanists
Ruler of the Netherlands who led a revolt for independence against Hapsburg Philip II of Spain.
William of Orange
Name the only female Enlightened Despots of the XVIII century.
Catherine the Great
This was the swapping of diseases, food, plants and animals between the Old World and the New World
Columbian Exchange
the nobility in Prussia were called
Junkers