1400s&1500s
A Viking explorer from Greenland. Reached present-day Newfoundland, Canada (Vinland).
Leif Erikson
The Aztec ruler, known as emperor who welcomed the Spanish with gifts of gold.
Montezuma
Around 1527, a civil war broke out between two brothers: the sons of former Incan ruler Huayna Capac. They were fighting over who should rule the empire.
Who are they?
Atahualpa(ah-TAHW-AHL-pah)
Huásca (WAHS-kar)
The time that the Jamestown settlers encountered food shortages, disease and a siege by Powhatan Indian warriors was known as what?
'The Starving Time'
They sailed to Massachusetts on a ship called the Mayflower becoming the first colony in New England.
Pilgrims
His interactions with the Indigenous peoples were brutal. He enslaved many, and committed violence toward them.
Christopher Columbus
True or False;
The Aztec people loved and respected their ruler, so when the Spanish arrived they were reluctant to share information with them.
False; Citizens were not always fans of the way their city was ruled and some of them disliked their ruler very much.
When Cortez learned this, he used this get citizens to join his efforts to overthrow the rule of their emperor.
Francisco Pizarro invites Atahualpa to a meeting in the town of Cajamarca. It was supposed to be a peaceful meeting and celebration. Suddenly, the Spanish attacked and thousands of Incan people were killed.
What did battle come to be known as?
The Battle of Cajamarca.
The flagship convoy (a group of vehicles, trains, ships, etc.) that travels together was sent from England in June 1609 to re-supply and revive the failing colony at Jamestown.
The Sea Venture
Individuals who advocate for cultural, religious, or political separation from a larger, dominant entity. They seek independence based on their shared beliefs and identity.
Separatists
He did not 'discover' American continents, but his expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
Ferdinand Magellan
A 14th-century Aztec capital founded in 1325; one of the world's largest, most sophisticated cities.
Tenochtitlan
A tribe ruled by Manco Inca attacked the Spanish conquistadors in Cusco as they tried to take control of the city. Which Spanish explorer came to help the Inca keep control of their city?
Diego de Almagro
A three-tiered legislative body formed by 'The Virginia Company', it gave colonists a voice in their governance. The first meeting was held at the Jamestown Church in 1619.
The House of Burgesses
Who specifically taught the pilgrims to hunt and farm as they were quickly dying off and struggling to make it through their first year?
Squanto and the Wampanoag
A cartographer who participated in at least two voyages during the Age of Discovery. One on behalf of Spain and then another for Portugal. He claimed to have understood that Brazil was part of a fourth continent unknown to Europeans, which he called the "New World".
Amerigo Vespucci
Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican city in what is now the historic center of what present day city?
Mexico City
During an attempt to establish a permanent colony near present day Florida, the Native 'Calusa' people fiercely resisted the invasion of their land. They fatally wounded this explorer who was named Governor of Puerto Rico in 1514.
Juan Ponce de León
An uprising of indentured servants who rebelled against plantation owners. They were upset that they had virtually no protection from the attacks of nearby Native groups, and when they asked for military protection it was denied. In turn, they set fire to the city of Jamestown.
Bacon's Rebellion
Initial relations between colonists and tribes were relatively peaceful, resulting in a treaty and the 1621 harvest festival known as what?
The First Thanksgiving
He learned of the Aztecs' various religious rituals, then he and his men removed and destroyed any and all of their religious texts, or idols, and replaced them with crosses and figures of the Virgin Mary; as one of his goals was to 'Christianize' the Natives.
Hernan Cortes
It was the largest empire ever in the Americas, and one of the largest in the world at that time.
They did not use money. Instead, they used a system of shared labor and goods.
Incan Civilization
The Powhatan Confederacy launched a carefully planned surprise attack on the colonists; resulting in the deaths of about one-quarter to one-third of the Virginia colony's population.
What did this battle come to be known as?
"Indian massacre of 1622"
or
“The Jamestown Massacre”
Colonists needed a large, reliable, and permanent workforce to help them with this large-scale cash crop.
Tobacco
The first permanent English colony in New England, founded in 1620.
The Plymouth Colony