Geography & Climate
This type of terrain divided Greek communities and prevented a unified government.
What are mountains?
This civilization on Crete (2000-1450 BCE) influenced early Greek culture with advanced writing and palace architecture.
Who are the Minoans?
Only free adult males of this status could participate in Greek government.
What are citizens?
This Greek term refers to an independent city-state.
What is a polis?
Ancient Greece made profound contributions to this broader civilization.
What is Western civilization?
These three seas surrounded ancient Greece and connected them to trade networks.
What are the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Ionian Seas?
This warrior society (1600-1100 BCE) built upon Minoan achievements and was known for bronze-working.
Who are the Mycenaeans?
These three groups were excluded from participating in Greek government.
Who are women, slaves, and foreigners?
This fortified hilltop with temples was a key feature of every polis.
What is an acropolis?
Besides democracy, ancient Greece contributed these three cultural achievements to the West.
What are art, drama, and philosophical thinking?
Greece's hot, dry summers made growing grain difficult but were perfect for these two crops.
What are olives and grapes?
Greece entered this period (1100-750 BCE) after the Mycenaean collapse, when literacy declined.
What is the Dark Age?
While some city-states had monarchies or aristocracies, others developed these types of systems.
What are self-governing systems?
This marketplace served as the commercial and social center of the lower city.
What is an agora?
Ancient Greece was not a unified nation but rather this type of collection of communities.
What are Greek-speaking communities scattered across Mediterranean islands and coastlines?
This geographic feature encouraged Greeks to become skilled sailors and merchants.
What are the seas (or coastlines)?
During the Dark Age, memories of the heroic past were preserved through these.
What are oral traditions?
Ancient Greece contributed this revolutionary concept to Western civilization, though it was limited in practice.
What is democracy?
A typical polis consisted of two main parts: the acropolis and this.
What is the lower city (with homes, shops, and agora)?
Greek communities often did this with each other despite sharing language and culture.
What is competed (or fought)?
Geography caused Greek communities to develop this type of fierce loyalty to their individual communities rather than to a unified nation.
What is loyalty to their city-state (or polis)?
The Mycenaean society was based on these two characteristics: a warrior culture and this type of government.
What are monarchies?
Greeks viewed their city-state as the framework of these two things about themselves.
What are their identity and life?
Each polis functioned as an independent political unit with its own government, commerce, and this.
What is culture?
The independent nature of Greek city-states was caused by geography but resulted in this characteristic political structure.
What are independent city-states that prevented unified government?