This shrine marks the place that Muhammad visited in an ecstatic experience known as the Night Journey.
What is the Dome of the Rock?
100
The Muslims were unexpectedly successful in this, their first battle against the Meccans.
What is the Battle of Badr?
100
This is the term for a chapter of the Quran.
What is a surah?
200
This younger cousin of Muhammad was one of the first converts to Islam; he also married Muhammad's daughter Fatima.
Who is Ali?
200
This ancient Arabian shrine is the destination of the annual hajj; there is a black meteorite built into one of its walls.
What is the Kabah?
200
This Arabic word refers to the community of Muslims around the world.
What is the ummah?
200
This term refers to the highest official, or prime minister, in a Turkish court.
What is a vizier?
300
This Meccan became the second caliph and led the Arabs in conquest of much of the Byzantine and Parthian Empires. His initial opposition to Islam was overcome by his emotional response to hearing the Quran recited.
Who is Umar?
300
This city was home to the first mosque, where Muhammad lived with his wives from 622 till his death in 632.
What is Medina or Yathrib?
300
This Arabic word refers to religious groups, other than the Muslims, who have a monotheistic scripture.
What is ahl al-kitab?
300
This central Asian people group immigrated into the Arabic empire and began working as soldiers and bodyguards; they eventually took over the government.
Who are the Turks?
400
This Meccan was the most vehement opponent of Islam. He is known by the name the Muslims gave him, which means "Father of Lies."
Who is Abu Jahl?
400
This city, the capital of modern Syria, was also the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate.
What is Damascus?
400
This Arabic word means "striving, struggle."
What is jihad?
400
This Mongol conqueror took Baghdad in the year 1258.
Who is Hulagu?
500
This Meccan became the third caliph; he is best known for creating the definitive edition of the Quran.
Who is Uthman?
500
This region in Europe was home to a Muslim caliphate for over 700 years.
What is al-Andalus?
500
This feature of a mosque indicates the direction toward Mecca.
What is the qiblah?
500
This Kurdish general took Jerusalem back from the Crusaders in the late 12th century.