Five Pillars
The first pillar of Islam also known as the profession (declaration) of faith
What is shahadah?
This Orthodox Christian empire ruled most of the Middle East for several centuries before the rise of Islam
What is the Byzantine Empire?
It's the holy book of Muslims
What is Quran?
The caliphate transformed into a hereditary position under his rule
Who is Muawiya?
He united the Mongol tribes and started the Mongol invasion of the Middle East
Who is Genghis Khan?
The second pillar of Islam, also known as praying 5 times a day
What is salat?
This area, also known as Mesopotamia, is where the first civilizations were born
What is the Fertile Crescent?
It's the migration of Muslims from Mecca to Medina in 622
What is Hijra?
He is considered the first Imam in Shiism
Who is Ali?
They came from Central Asia, quickly became Muslims, and opened Anatolia to Muslim migration
Who are Turks?
The third pillar of Islam, also known as alms giving
What is zakat?
This Persian Empire adopted Zoroastrianism as the official religion and ruled today's Iran and Iraq before the rise of Islam
What is the Sassanian Empire?
They are known as the "Rightly Guided" Caliphs
Who are Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali?
Shiism began after his death at Karbala
Who is Husayn?
These military campaigns into the Middle East were organized by Christians in Europe between the 11th and 13th centuries
What is the crusades?
The fourth pillar of Islam, also known as fasting during the month of Ramadan
What is sawm?
These nomadic Arabs inhabited most of the Arabian peninsula before the rise of Islam
Who are Bedouins?
It's the first civil war within the Muslim community that took place between Ali and Aisha
What is the Battle of the Camel?
It's the second Muslim empire in history that overthrew the Umayyid dynasty and was based in Baghdad
What is the Abbasid Dynasty?
They came from Central Asia, caused a lot of death and destruction, and ended the Abbasid dynasty
Who are Mongols?
The fifth pillar of Islam, also known as pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina
What is Hajj?
This cubic shrine in Mecca was a site of pilgrimage for both polytheists and monotheists in the Arabian Peninsula
What is Ka'ba?
It's the second civil war within the Muslim community between Ali and Muawiya
It's the first Muslim empire in history, which was founded by Muawiya
Umayyid Dynasty
This Muslim ruler defeated the Crusaders and regained Jerusalem in the 12th century
Who is Saladin Ayyubi?