Charlemagne
Which group conquered the Roman Province of Gaul?
The Franks
What is Feudalism?
A loosely organized system of rule in which powerful lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords.
What is canon law?
religious teachings of the Church, behavior of the clergy, all moral and personal matters of marriage
Between 1000 and 1300 what happened to the population of Europe?
It tripled in size
Define capital:
Money used for investment or spending
What does Charlemagne mean?
Charles the Great
What is a Feudal Contract?
The agreement that in exchange for land, the vassals would pledge their service and loyalty to the greater lord.
What was the major punishment for refusing to follow canon law?
excommunication
What is the difference between a serf and a tenant farmer?
Serf: Tied to the land and could be bought and sold
Tenant Farmer: Paid rent in order to use the land
Define Charter
written document that set up the rights and privileges of the town
Who is Charles Martel?
He was the Frankish General who defeated the Muslim invaders at the Battle of Tours. He was also the Grandfather of Charlemagne.
What were the roles of Noblewomen?
They watched over the manor/castles when the men went off to war
Who kick started the medieval agricultural revolution?
Monks within monasteries
What is the Hanseatic League?
A group of Germanic merchants who formed an association to protect trading rights.
What does Medieval mean?
Latin for Middle Ages
What did Charlemagne see as a way to unify his empire?
Education
What was a serf?
A peasant who was tied to the land that they lived on. They could be bought and sold. They completed tasks for their lord on his manor and in exchange they got a small piece of land to farm for their own use, and were protected from attack
What was the Church's problem with interest?
If a Christian was going to loan money to someone in need then they should only expect the amount they loaned back. To expect extra or to force someone to pay extra is greedy and sinful.
What was the role of Guilds?
The members of guilds cooperated to protect their own economic interests
They made rules to protect the quality of goods
They also limited guild membership
Define Papal Supremacy
The Popes authority over all secular rulers.
How did Charlemagne become the Holy Roman Emperor?
In 799: Pope Leo III asked Charlemagne for aid. When Charlemagne agreed Pope Leo showed his appreciation by making Charlemagne the new Emperor of Rome
Why did Charlemagne have the capitularies written?
The Capitularies followed the average occurrences on the manors of his empire. This was done so Charlemagne could know what was going on within his empire.
What is the Rule of St. Benedict?
The laws and vows that monks followed:
Vows of Poverty, Chastity, obedience.
It also governed the monasteries.
What was the middle class and why did Nobles not like it?
Middle Class bridged the gap between peasants and nobles. (merchants, traders, and artisans.)
Nobles did not agree with how they made their money
Define Partnerships:
A group of merchants who joined together to fund a large-scale venture
Pooled funds of multiple people to finance a large scale venture
These ventures were expensive for one person