Early Middle Ages

Feudalism

1

List the Feudal System from top to bottom

Kings--- Nobles---- Knights----Peasants

1

why did feudalism develop?

lack of a central government to protect people from invaders after the fall of Rome

1

what is a serf

a peasant who works the land and is connected to that land where he/she lives

1

the large estate owned by a lord or knight is called

manor

1

List three ways Germanic invaders impacted Western Europe in the fifth century (400s CE)

• Disruption of Trade Merchants faced invasions from both land and sea. Their businesses collapsed. The breakdown of trade destroyed Europe’s cities as economic centers. Money became scarce.

• Downfall of Cities: With the fall of the Roman Empire, cities were abandoned as centers of administration.

Population Shifts:  As Roman centers of trade and government collapsed, nobles retreated to the rural areas. Roman cities were left without strong leadership. Other city dwellers also fled to the countryside, where they grew their own food. The population

Decline of Learning

Loss of a Common Language

Charlemagne

1

In the Roman province of Gaul (mainly what is now France and Switzerland), a Germanic people called the Franks held power. Their leader was _______ who would bring Christianity to the region. 

Clovis

1

On Christmas Day in 800, Charlemagne gained this title from Pope Leo III for his help in protecting him

Emperor

1

Charlemagne forced this religion on the people of western Europe

Christianity

1

what was a habit of Charlemagne's that was very different from other monarchs of this time

dedication to reading, writing, learning

1

Who defeated the Muslim raiders from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732?

Charles Martel the Hammer

monasteries

1

what do you call religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities

monks

1

communities of monks lived in.....

monasteries

1

Name the famous Italian monk that created a strict set of rules for monastic (monastery) life.

Benedict

1

Benedict’s sister, ____________________ headed a convent and adapted the same rules for women. These guidelines became a model for many other religious communities in western Europe. Monks and nuns devoted their lives to prayer and good works.

Scholastica

1

In 590, Under Gregory, the papacy also became a ______or worldly, power involved in politics. The pope’s palace was the center of Roman government. Gregory used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, and help the poor. He also negotiated peace treaties with invaders such as the Lombards.

Secular 

Geography + More Feudalism

1

What is the continent that we are studying for the Middle Ages.

What is Europe.

1

The Vikings are from what land mass

What is the Scandinavian Penninsula

1

What is this?

A Manor

1

Which mountain range covers a large part of southern Europe.....Italy, Switzerland, France

the Alps

1

of chivalry (SHIHV•uhl•ree), a complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters. What are they?

He devoted himself to his earthly feudal lord, his heavenly Lord, and his chosen lady.

random

1

The Russian state would become a genuine empire during the long, 43-year reign of _________ Upon becoming the prince of Moscow, he openly challenged Mongol rule. He took the title czar (zahr), which meant emperor, and publicly claimed his intent to make Russia the “Third Rome.” (The title “czar” became official only during the reign of

Ivan III

1

What did the Mongols demand from Russians? (2 things)

Absolute Obedience and Massive amounts of tribute (payments)

1

powerful woman who became queen of France and queen of England

Eleanor of Aquitaine

1

Russian legends say the Slavs invited the Viking chiefRurik to be their king. So in 862, he founded the city of_____

Novgorod

1

The name of the source written by Monks that describes early Russian History

The Primary Chronicle