Byzantine
Byzantine ruler who built Hagia Sofia and organized the law
Justinian
a family's payment of 1/10 of its income to a church
Tithe
in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback
Knight
the era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500 also called the medieval period
Middle Ages
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body of Roman civil law collected and organized by the Byzantine emperor, Justinian around AD 534
Justinian Code
a religious community of men called monks who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship
Monastery
in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals
Lord
ruler of the Franks who required counts govern justly, visited much of his kingdom and pushed for education
Charlemagne
a code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion
Chivalry
the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian
Hagia Sophia
concerned with worldly rather that spiritual maters
Secular
a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate
Serf
a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from AD 751 to 987
Carolingian Dynasty
a mock battle between groups of knights
Tournaments
a principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity
Patriarch
the taking away of a person's right of membership in a Christian church
Excommunication
a lord's estate in feudal Europe
Manor
a Germanic people who settled in the Roman province of Gaul and established a great empire during the Middle Ages
Franks
a people from the forests north of the Black Sea, ancestors of many peoples in Eastern Europe today
Slavs
a religious image used by eastern Christians
Icon
an alphabet for the writing of Slavic languages, devised in the 9th century AD by Saints Cyril and Methodius
Cyrillic alphabet
an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe
Fief
a Russian emperor from the Roman title Caesar
Czar
a medieval poet and musician who traveled from place to place, entertaining people with songs courtly love
Troubadour