Renaissance
What does Renaissance mean?
It means re-birth.
Who was Martin Luther? What did he write?
A German monk. He wrote a list of complaints about the Church.
Who was Henry VIII? How many times did he marry?
He was the King of England. He was Henry VII and Elizabeth of York son. He married six times.
Why did James Stuart become King of England? What was his relationship with Elizabeth?
Because Elizabeth I didn't have any child. He was Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots son.
Where did the Great Fire of London start? Why?Give several reasons.
At Thomas Farriner's baker shop. The oven got too hot and his house got fire. The wind spread the fire very quickly. The houses were made of wood.
Who was Leonardo da Vinci?
He was an Italian painter, scientist, musician and mathematician.
Why did Martin Luther write the 95 Theses?
Because he was against the selling of indulgences .
Why did Henry VIII decide to break away from the Roman Catholic Church?
Because he wanted to have a son. Under the Catholic Church only the Pope could grant a divorce. But he refused.
Describe the gunpowder plot.
A group of Catholics (guy Fawkes) wanted to kill James I at the Parliament.
Who was Robert Hubert and what happened to him?
He was a Frenchman who was found guilty of starting the fire. he was hanged. But , later it was discovered that he wasn't in London when the fire started.
Describe cinquecento period and name one artist.
16th century /Italian art or literature /Location: Rome- Artists: Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael Sanzio / Topics: Non religious themes- geometry and perspective elements.
Why did the Pope want the money from the indulgences?
The Pope wanted tihe money to help build a splendid new church of St. Pete in Rome.
Who became King after Henry VIII 's death? What were his decisions?
Edward VI (Henry VIII and jane Seymour 's son) He changed the English Church to make it more Protestant. For example, statues and pictures were removed, the altar was moved to the centre of the Church, a prayer book was introduced, a book of protestant sermons was printed.
Who were the Pilgrim Fathers? Why do people in USA celebrate Thanksgiving?
Puritans who wanted to start a new life in America. They set sailed in !620 in a ship called Mayflower. Because they were helped by natives.
What was the factory system? Describe the working conditions.
They were big buildings with machines on them. People worked there for several hours. They were dangerous for people's health . They were dark, humid, and unventilated. Low wages. They were noisy, heated, owercrowded and there was explotation of women and children.
Who was a patron? Give an example
Kings, Popes or a rich family that protected and financed the artists.
Who was John Calvin? What did he believe?
He was a French scholar of law and religion. He claimed that only God could decide who would be saved and who would not. He spoke about predestination.
Who was Mary I? Why was she called "Bloody Mary"?
She was Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII 's daughter. She persecuted and killed protestants because she was catholic.
What happened to Charles I? Why?Who became Lord Protector?
He was put on trial and accused of treason. He was found guilty and was the first King to be executed by his subjects. Oliver Cromwell.
Describe Living conditions.
There were many problems : overcrowding, water supply (houses had no taps) dirty water sewage and rubbish was dumped in the backyard. A lot of diseases : tuberculosis, typhus, cholera.
Who developed a better printing press? Why was it so important ? Which was the first book to be printed?
Johannes Gutenberg / Books such as the Bible were available , more information and education. New ideas spread quickly through reading books./ The Bible.
What happened at the Diet of Worms?
The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V called Luther to answer for his views at the Diet of Worms.Luther went there and stood by his beliefs. He was given protection by Frederick, the Elector of Saxony
Who was Elizabeth I ? Give one nickname. Why was her reign so important to English History? What happened to the Spanish Armada during her reign?
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn 's daughter. Glorian, The Virgin Queen.It was a golden Age. Frances Drake sailed around the world. Shakespeare wrote important plays, the Spanish Armada, led by King Philip II from Spain was defeated.
What is the Glorious Revolution and the Bill of Rights?
James II was Catholic. So, the parliament asked William of Orange and Mary Stuart (James II eldest daughter)from Netherlands to become the King and Queen of England. It was bloodless. They signed The Bill of Rights that made the parliment powerful. They had to rule with a parliament. Parliamentary monarchy.
Name two important scientist and describe some of their ideas.
Galileo Galilei, Newton, Kepler, Descartes, Copernicus.