Vocab.
This term describes the British practice of forcing American sailors into their navy, which helped lead to the War of 1812.
Impressment
This early rebellion in Pennsylvania tested the new federal government’s ability to enforce its laws.
Whiskey Rebellion
This incident with French officials during Adams’s presidency involved demands for bribes and led the U.S. to strengthen its navy.
XYZ Affair
George Washington warned against this type of political division in his Farewell Address.
Political parties
One reason the year 1803 is historically significant is that the United States—
doubled in size
This refers to the principle established in 1803 that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional.
Judicial Review
Alexander Hamilton supported this institution to manage federal debt and centralize tax collection.
National Bank
This policy stated the U.S. would resist European interference in the Western Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
This issue sparked the earliest major disagreement that led to the formation of political parties.
debate over the national bank
This economic effect of the War of 1812 led Americans to rely more on producing goods at home.
increase in US manufacturing
This economic policy in the early 1800s allowed for a mostly unregulated market with limited government interference.
Laissez-faire
This purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the U.S. and preserved access to the Mississippi River.
Louisiana Purchase
This major issue on the seas contributed to the start of the War of 1812.
Impressment of American Soldiers
This party, led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams, favored a strong central government.
Federalists
These waterways built between 1820 and 1860 reduced transportation costs and shipping time.
Canals
This term describes an economic system in which competition leads to fair pricing and better quality goods.
Free Enterprise
These controversial laws under John Adams restricted criticism of the government and targeted immigrants.
Alien & Sedition Acts
This conflict helped establish the U.S. as an independent and powerful nation in international affairs.
War of 1812
This party favored agriculture, states’ rights, and opposed the national bank.
Democratic Republicans
This type of competition in the free‑enterprise system helped keep prices fair and product quality high.
Market Competition
This early‑U.S. label describes the two opposing groups that formed due to disagreements over government power and economic policy.
Political Parties
This Supreme Court decision strengthened the judicial branch by asserting the power to strike down unconstitutional laws.
Marbury V Madison
This foreign‑policy measure, passed as a follow‑up to Jefferson’s sweeping trade ban, attempted to reduce tensions with Britain and France by reopening U.S. trade with all nations except the two warring European powers. Intended to pressure them into respecting American neutrality, it instead damaged the U.S. economy and failed to stop maritime interference. What was this policy?
Embargo Act (Non-Intercourse Act)
Passed during John Adams’s presidency, this controversial law became a major source of political tension by allowing the federal government to detain or deport non‑citizens considered “dangerous.” Federalists-was necessary for national security during international conflict. Democratic‑Republicans condemned it as a political weapon used to silence opposition and restrict immigrant voters who tended to support their party. What is this law?
Alien Acts
This disagreement between Hamilton and Jefferson shaped early U.S. politics and economic direction.
debate over economic policy and the national bank?