Rome Expands
When did the Romans begin expanding?
341BCE
With no plumbing, where did many poor people get their fresh water?
They would go to public fountains to fill jugs with water
What is a group of three rulers called? Who agreed to share power in 59 BCE?
Triumvirate. Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar.
What group lived to the east of Rome?
The Samnites
Provinces provided Rome with what 3 things?
Taxes, soldiers, and slaves
What areas were Romans skilled in?
Engineering and road construction
What issue did the influx of enslaved people cause for workers?
Roman workers, especially farmers, couldn't compete with free labor.
After one month, Brutus and Cassius led a group of 60 senators in assassinating Caesar.
What group lived to the north of Rome?
The Etruscans
What did Rome hope to take from Carthage in the 3 Punic Wars?
Rome hoped to take control of western Mediterranean trade routes
Building ships that could board Carthaginian ships, allowing Roman soldiers to attack sailors
What was the cause of many rebellions in the provinces?
High taxes without providing any services to the people.
After Caesar's death, who defeated Brutus and Cassius? What was their alliance called?
Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus. Together they formed the Second Triumvirate.
What group lived to the south of Rome?
The Greeks
Who nearly defeated Rome during the 2nd Puni War? How?
Hannibal Barca launched a surprise attack on the Italian Peninsula
How was Carthage defeated during the 2nd Punic War?
Scipio Africanus attacked the Carthagenian homeland in Africa
Who was the first dictator of Rome to rule without a six-month term limit? How long did he rule?
Sulla (Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix) ruled for three years until he retired.
What prompted Octavian to turn on Mark Antony?
Mark Antony's relationship with Cleopatra and the fear of a foreign monarch having influence in Rome.
What was the group of 30 allied cities that Rome defeated?
The Latin League
What was the result of the 3rd Punic War?
The city of Carthage was destroyed. Romed gained the agricultural lands of Sicily and North Africa, as well as silver from Iberia (Spain).
What are the 3 reasons expansion was so important to Rome? Why did they need to conquer these lands?
1. Neighboring lands were controlled by enemies of Rome
2. They provided naturally resources and farmland
3. They provided slave labor and taxes
Political unrest made Rome an easier target. Gaius Marius and Sulla rose to power by successfully defending Rome.
After a civil war, Octavian was given the title Augustus. What was his policy towards the republic's old institutions?
Augustus kept in place the Senate, assemblies, and tribunes. However, they no longer had any real power.
What river did Caesar cross, starting a civil war?
The Rubicon River