Chemistry
Atoms bond through their ____________.
What are valence electrons?
Causes of minerals forming
Magma cools
Lava Cools
Molecules dissolved in water crystallize as the water evaporates
What is metamorphic?
The theory that describes the movements of Earth's Crust
What is Plate Tectonics?
What are Meteorites and Zircons?
States that geologic changes are observable and constant across Earth's history
What is the Theory of Uniformitarianism?
The removal and transportation of sediments
What is erosion?
What is silicate?
Determined by scratching a mineral with various items
What is Hardness?
Extreme heat melts rocks, which becomes ___________ rock when it cools.
What is igneous?
Two tectonic plates move toward and collide with each other
What is a Convergent Boundary
What happens when a radioactive isotope decays?
Neutrons turn into protons.
Radiation and Heat are released.
It becomes a new element.
Principle that states that layers of strata are deposited horizontally
What is The Principle of Original Horizontality?
Forming rocks from sediments
What is Lithification?
Earth separated into layers based on the ________ of the materials.
What is density?
The mineral's geometric structure
What is Crystal form?
Ninety percent of earth's crust is made of ______________.
What is silicate minerals?
Two tectonic plates moving away from each other.
What is a Divergent Boundary?
The time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.
What is half-life?
According to the Principle of Inclusions, rock fragments are __________ than the strata they are in.
What is older?
Horizontal layering of sedimentary rock
The increase of carbon dioxide over the past 200 years is causing ____________.
What is Global Warming?
The 6 tests for determining a mineral.
Hardness, Color and Luster, Streak, Cleavage and Fracture, Crystal Form, Magnetism
Rock made from rock fragments
What is sedimentary rock?
Two tectonic plates slide against each other.
What is a Transform Boundary?
Radioactive isotope that would be used to date a woolly mammoth
What is carbon-14?
Principle that says a geologic feature is younger than anything it cuts across.
What is the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relations?
Metamorphic rock with layered mineral bands
What is foliated?
The hot, semi-solid, plastic-like layer directly below the lithosphere.
What is the asthenosphere?
When dissolved minerals react to form a new molecule that is a solid
What is precipitate?
The study of strata (rock layers)
What is Stratigraphy?
The driving mechanism for plate tectonics.
What is convection?
When a rock first formed, there were 1,000 uranium-235 atoms in it and no lead-207 atoms. After one half-life has passed, there were _______ uranium-235 atoms and ______ lead-207 atoms in the rock.
500, 500
Principle that says the oldest layers are at the bottom
What is The Principle of Superposition?
The main way fossil fuels were formed
From the remains of dead plants and green algae