Earth's Layers
How many layers does Earth have?
4
The Earth's crust is made up of many ______.
Plates
The breaking of rock into smaller pieces by forces is known as ________________.
Mechanical weathering
Destructive
What is the hottest layer of Earth?
Inner core
Where do earthquakes and volcanoes most often occur?
Along faults or plate boundaries (the Ring of Fire)
The breaking down of rock due to acid rain and other causes is known as _______________.
Chemical weathering
What is the main force that causes erosion?
Gravity
What is the hardest mineral?
Diamond
What are the two types of crust in the Earth?
Oceanic and continental
What is the tool used to measure Earth's vibrations?
Seismograph
Weathering is a slow, destructive process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces known as _________.
Sediments
The placing of materials in a new place is called __________.
Deposition
What is the name of the scale used to identify minerals?
Mohs scale
What type of currents flow slowly in the mantle?
Convection
Volcanoes are an example of what type of process?
Constructive
What are the three different layers of soil?
Topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock
What type of erosion is found along the coastline?
Wave erosion
Name four characteristics used to identify minerals.
Color, texture, smell, luster, hardness, shape, streak
What is the top part of the mantle and the crust above it?
Lithosphere
Converging, spreading, and sliding
Rain drops + carbon dioxide = _____________
Carbonic acid
What is a way that farmers prevent erosion in their fields?
Planting trees, using less plowing, and plowing perpendicular to the slope of the ground
Igneous - formed when molten rock cools and hardens
Sedimentary - formed from layers of rock and other materials settling over time