Layers of Earth
What is the innermost layer of the earth?
The Inner core
Basalt is a(n) _____________ igneous rock that cools quickly above the earth.
extrusive
__________ and __________ OFTEN occur near plate boundaries.
earthquakes and volcanoes
Oceanic and Continental
Much of the continental plate is made up of what rock?
granite
The lithosphere is composed of the _______________ and upper ____________. It is what the makes up the tectonic plates.
crust and upper mantle
When looking at an igneous rock, what tells you where and how it was formed?
The crystal size
When 2 plates slide past one another, or ____________, sometimes those jagged rocks get caught on each other, release and cause an earthquake.
transform
True or false? The continents are made of plates but the seafloor is not made of plates.
False
Seafloor spreading occurs when tectonic plates ___________.
diverge (move apart and magma comes up to form new ocean floor.)
Where does convection occur? Be very specific!
The asthenosphere
Does molten rock cool slower beneath the ground or above the ground?
Beneath the ground
At which plate boundary is new crust formed as a result of plates moving away from each other?
divergent boundary
What is the indirect way scientists learn about the interior of the Earth?
seismic waves
The Ring of Fire is an area around the Pacific Plate where _________.
Tectonic plates are part of which mechanical layer of the Earth?
Lithosphere
_____________ is an intrusive igneous rock that is commonly used as countertops.
Granite
Where would mountain ranges form?
At a convergent boundary of 2 continental plates
Scientists learn about the interior of the Earth using direct evidence from rock samples from ____________ and ____________
wells and volcanoes
What is the indirect way that scientists learn about the interior of the Earth?
Seismic waves
The compositional layer of the Earth that is mostly molten rock is the _____________.
Mantle
How are ALL igneous rocks formed?
When molten rock (magma or lava) cools and hardens. This can happen inside the Earth or above the surface.
What was missing from Alfred Wegener's Theory of Continental Drift?
Convection currents
The inner core of the Earth is made up of _________ ________ and ____________.
Solid
How might a rock, like basalt, with no visible crystals, have been formed?
The rocks cooled quickly above ground forming crystals too small to see.