Freshwater & Oceans
What is a pond?
This small body of standing freshwater is often home to plants, insects, and frogs
The layer of the atmosphere where weather happens is called this.
Troposphere
This warm surface current helps warm nearby land and influence the climate (a major Atlantic current).
Gulf Stream
The cell part that controls the cell and holds DNA is the ______.
Nucleus
Which system moves oxygen and nutrients through the body and removes wastes?
Circulatory system (heart, blood vessels, blood)
what is a tributary?
A smaller stream that flows into a larger river is called this.
Wind moves from areas of ______ pressure to areas of ______ pressure.
High pressure → Low pressure
The difference between weather and climate is that weather is ______ and climate is ______.
Weather = short-term; Climate = long-term patterns
What organelle makes energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
When body temperature rises, the body may produce sweat to cool down. This is an example of keeping balance called ______.
Homeostasis
What is flow/move?
Flow (standing water does not flow; flowing water does)
When warm air rises and cool air sinks, it creates these currents that help form local and global winds.
Convection currents
When reading a temperature graph that shows a long-term upward trend, this phrase describes the overall pattern.
Global warming / climate change (long-term warming trend)
Mitosis results in how many identical body cells?
Two identical cells
Vaccines help the immune system by training it to respond faster to this.
Pathogens (vaccines prepare an immune response)
Name two reasons scientists use robotic vehicles (ROVs/gliders) instead of manned submarines. (What are: they can go deeper; they handle extreme pressure; they keep humans safe?)
They can go deeper; handle extreme pressure; reduce risk to humans (any two)
he wind belt that commonly moves weather west to east across the United States is the ______.
Westerlies
How do ocean currents affect coastal climates?
Currents move warm/cold water to coasts, changing air temperature and weather
Describe one example of adaptation and natural selection given in the unit.
Darker moths survive better in dark forests (helpful trait increases)
Name two ways bacteria can cause illness
Producing toxins; damaging tissues
Explain why a heat wave can form when high pressure stays over an area.
High pressure traps warm air, reduces vertical mixing, and keeps heat in place
Give two pieces of evidence scientists use to support that ocean temperatures and climate are changing.
Long-term temperature records, melting ice, sea-level rise, species range shifts (any two supported data points
Explain the difference between growth and development using the tadpole-to-frog example.
Growth: increase in cell number/size; Development: specialization and body form changes (tadpole → frog)
Describe the immune response steps when an injury happens (give at least three).
Damage → chemicals released → swelling/redness → white blood cells attack pathogens