Vocab
Strata
a layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground:
What are the Earth’s 3 compositional layers?
crust, mantle, core
How many layers does the crust have?
2
How can sedimentary rock be weathered?
water, wind, organisms, reactive chemicals, or ice
What is a sand dune?
a mound of sediment that forms when sediment carrying winds slow down and drop their load of sediment
Plate tectonics
Earth's rigid outer shell is made up of about a dozen large pieces and smaller pieces
Which of the structural layers is responsible for the Earth’s magnetism?
outer core
Where do tectonic plates meet?
plate boundaries
What are the 3 major groups rocks can be classified into?
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Caves are made by what?
ground water
erosion
physical removal of weathered particles from one place to another by ice, wind, water, and gravity
Who is Alfred Wegener and what did he notice about the continents?
a scientist that noticed that all the continents can fit together like a puzzle and once made a giant landmass
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
Earth's rigid outer shell is made up of about a dozen large pieces and smaller pieces
What are the 4 ways minerals can form?
cooling magma, hydrothermal solutions, evaporation, pressure/temperature changes
What are the 2 types of glaciers?
alpine and continental
type of rock formed through the cooling and solidification of lava or magma
What are the 5 structural layers of the Earth?
Lithosphere, asthenosphere, lower mantle, outer core, inner core
When magma makes new lithosphere and old lithosphere is pushed down it is called what?
subduction
What characteristics does a mineral have?
naturally occurring,
made by nature,
not just made of living things,
has a crystal structure,
is solid,
has the same chemical composition all around
Write the 4 ways running water can erode
downcutting, meander, delta, floodplain
sedimentary rock
lithified equivalents of sediments, formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface.
What are the 3 different types of boundaries and how do they move?
divergent boundaries- plates move away from each other
convergent boundaries- plate move towards each other
transform boundaries- plate slide past each other
Many ridges are found along the coast of each continent near what 2 things?
volcanic eruptions and high temperature water
What are the 5 steps to the rock cycle?
all rocks start as magma and cools forming igneous rock,
through weathering, erosion, or deposition the rock forms into sediment or loose soil,
through lithification the soil is compacted into sedimentary rock,
through metamorphism rock can change forma and become metamorphic rock,
At some point the rock will melt again and go back to being magma
What are the 6 classifications of mass movement?
slide, landslide, flow, earthflows, mudflows, creep