Earthquakes
Gravity
Plates
Volcanoes
Magnets
100
a fracture (rupture) or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock
A fault
100
F = GMm divided by r2
Who's equation is this and what does it solve?
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
100
What are the large continental plates?
African, Australian, Antarctic, Eurasian, North American, South American
100
Volcanism is the process of what?
Magma - melted rock beneath the surface
&
Lava - less dense melted rock that erupts to the surface
100
A pair of Magnetic Poles Of Equal strength, but opposite sign, a small distance apart creates what?
A Magnetic Dipole
200
The “size” of earthquakes are generally determined by either
Their Magnitude and Intensity
200
This diagram portrays what idea about gravity?
That a person feels the same force of gravity in each case because of Earth’s spherical symmetry.
It is also the same everywhere on Earth’s surface.
200
Which are the small oceanic plates?
Scotia, Nazca, Cocos, Juan de Fuca, Phillipine Sea
200
What are the Zones of Partial Melting for Peridotite?
1. most abundant mineral in the upper mantle
2. geothermal, actual temperature inside Earth
3. solidus, partially molten
4. liquidus, fully molten
200
How do you measure Earth's Magnetic Field
Via Inclination, Declination, Intensity
300
Where do these faults occur
Strike Slip Faults occurs at Transform Boundaries
Normal Faults occur at Divergent Boundaries
Thrust Faults occur at Convergent Boundaries
300
Large crustal masses that extend above the Earth are compensated by underlying low-density masses
is what principle?
The Principal of Isostasy
300
What are the three different types of plate boundaries?
Divergent Boundary - (normal fault)
Convergent Boundary - (thrust fault)
Transform Boundary - (strike-slip fault)
300
What are the most common volcanic rocks?
Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite, Gabbro, Granite, Diorite
300
What is this diagram of?
Geodynamo - the generated field from Earth’s outer core motion of molten metal (Fe+Ni)
400
1. MS = log10(A) + 1.656log10(∆) + 1.818.
&
2. Mw =2(log10 M0 16.1) − 3
Are equations to find what?
The magnitude of an Earthquake
1. Surface-Wave Formula
2. Moment-Magnitude Formula
400
Due to erosion and deposition of sediment, rock within the mantle must flow to accommodate the reduction of mass load of the mountain. This causes vertical motion of crustal blocks.
What is the term for this definition?
Isostatic Equilibrium
400
What is the process of this diagram?
The Wilson Cycle
1. Supercontinenetal Breaking
2. Opening of ocean basins
3. Subduction Zone forms
4. Closing of ocean basins
5. Continental collision
6. Thinning of crust via erosion
400
What is the name for this diagram and what theory does it prove?
Bowen's Reaction Series - proving the higher the silicate content the lower the melting point
400
What are the three parts to Earth's magnetic field?
3 Parts of Earth’s Magnetic Field:
Main Magnetic Field
External Magnetic Field
- Induced Magnetic Field
500
This diagram is an example of?
The Elastic Rebound Theory
500
Any object completely or partially submerged in a fluid is pushed up by a force (buoyancy force) whose magnitude is equal to the weight (gravity force) of the fluid displaced by the object.
Who's principle is this?Archimedes' Principle
500
The Himalayas Mountains are a result of what?
Convergence Continental Collision - when two continents meet, one plate may begin to subduct slowly but mountains form.
500
What is viscosity and what element makes materials more viscous?
Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow. SiO2 (silicate) is the element that makes fluid's more viscous.
500
Describe the process of Compositional Convection in the Outer Core
Inner core is made of solid Fe and is growing due to freezing of the liquid outer core as Earth cools over time
Pure Fe is freezing out and grows the inner core while the lighter elements remain in the outer core
Due to their low density, light elements rise in the outer core creating convection cells