Earth Science 11/12

Scientific Method

100

What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?

Inference

200

What do we use control groups in experimenting for?

We have something to compare our experimental groups to.

If we need to see the effect of a phenomenon on something, there needs to be a control group to know what happens when no phenomenon occurs.

300

A hypothesis is used with what kind of reasoning?

Deductive Reasoning

400

                              Daily Double!

Define dependent variable, independent variable, and controlled variable

Dependent variable - a factor that is observed to determine the results of the experiment

Independent variable - the factor that you change to test your hypothesis

Controlled variable - is the same for all groups.  DOES NOT CHANGE

500

What are the six steps of the scientific method?

State the problem

Gather information

Formulate a hypothesis

Testing the hypothesis

Record and analyze

I'm just not sure...

100

This type of reasoning is used to go from specific evidence to a more general conclusion.

Inductive Reasoning

200

This is a sentence used in deductive reasoning that always has "if" and "then"

Hypothetical proposition

300

This is a conclusion based on specific evidence

Inference

400

Assuming that a change in one factor caused a change in another factor, just because the second change occurred after the first.

Post Hoc Fallacy

500

The statement "If I a car is on, then it is using fuel.  It is not on.  Therefore, the car is not using fuel" is an example of what hypothetical proposition?

Denying the consequent

Under our feet

100

This is used by scientists to determine soil color.

Munsell chart

200

If a soil is darker, it probably has a lot of this.

Humus

300

What is loam?

A soil type containing a range of sand, silt clay, and humus mixtures

400

What process breaks down rocks in the soil?

Weathering

500

If, after a rainstorm, most of the water poured off of the top of the ground instead of into the soil, what type of mineral material is probably predominant in there?

Clay

Good nutrition

100

In terms of pH, what do plants prefer?

Neutral or slightly acidic (less than 7)

200

What organism converts nitrogen from nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen?

Denitrifying bacteria

300

What thing in the soil holds a lot of water?

Humus

400

What does potassium help plants with

Cell division, growth, and plant maturation

500

Where in the soil is rhizobia located and what does it do.

It is attached to the roots of legumes and it helps turn nitrogen into nitrate.