Earth and Space
The name for the large land masses on Earth, such as North America and Africa.
What are continents?
The type of rock that is formed in Earth's crust when magma cools and hardens.
What is igneous rock?
When the chemicals inside rocks are changed and makes the rocks break into pieces. For example, if a rock has iron in it, it may rust when water touches it and the rust makes the rock fall apart.
What is chemical weathering?
This includes temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind in a particular (relatively small) place and time, and can change from day to day, even hour to hour.
What is weather?
A brief description or definition of the water cycle.
What is when the water around Earth moves in a constant pattern that occurs over and over.
The three main layers of Earth.
What are the core, the mantle, and the crust?
The type of rock that is formed when any type of rock is changed by heat and pressure.
What is metamorphic rock?
When rocks are changed in size and shape due to heat, wind, water, ice, and living things. For example, when plant roots grow into cracks of rocks and make the rock break apart.
What is mechanical weathering?
The long-term pattern of air temperatures and precipitation in a big area.
What is climate?
The step in the water cycle in which (liquid) water on Earth is changed by the sun and rises up as water vapor (a gas).
What is evaporation?
Earth's crust is made up of these "pieces," which can move and cause earthquakes and formed mountains.
What are plates?
The pattern of events that occurs over and over to change rock.
What is the rock cycle?
This is the process in which wind, water, and gravity move rock (or soil, etc.) or carry it away.
What is erosion?
This climate zone is near the equator, and places on Earth in this zone are always warm because the sun shines directly in these regions.
What is the tropical climate zone?
The step in the water cycle in which water vapor (a gas) hits colder air and turns back into liquid water (as tiny droplets) and accumulates (builds up) into clouds.
What is condensation?
These are determined by (or happen because of) the relationship among Earth, the moon, and the sun.
What are night and day, the seasons, how the moon looks from Earth (i.e. the shape of the moon), and eclipses?
The type of rock that is formed when sediment (bits of rock, shell, bone, etc.) settles and layers itself on top of another layer.
What is sedimentary rock?
This is the term for what erosion leaves behind or "dumps" and causes the build up of the surface of Earth; for example, when islands get bigger, or the Mississippi River delta.
What is deposition?
These climate zones are always cold because they are at the "ends of Earth" and the least amount of sunshine/solar energy reaches here.
What are the polar climate zones?
The process in the water cycle in which the water droplets in the clouds get too heavy and fall as rain, snow, sleet, etc.
What is precipitation?
When the moon comes between Earth and the sun, and Earth gets darker because the sunlight is partially blocked by the moon.
What is a solar eclipse?
Black rocks found on a beach that formed when lava flowed into the ocean, cooled, and then broke apart, are an example of this type of rock.
What is igneous rock?
An example of erosion, weathering, and/or deposition happening very rapidly.
BONUS: An example of erosion, weathering, and/or deposition happening very slowly.
What is a flood, or a landslide/mudslide?
What is a glacier?
These climate zones are between the other zones (the ends and the middle) and have both hot and cold seasons.
What are the temperate zones?
Name 4 different places where precipitation collects, and from where evaporation occurs and starts the cycle all over again.
What are oceans, lakes, rivers (streams, brooks) ponds, puddles, etc.?