All about Cycles
What are the 4 forms of precipitation
Rain, snow, sleet, hail
What is the rock cycle? Give me the definition and the 3 rock types
A process in which rocks are continuously transformed between the 3 rock types- igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
What is a volcano, use sciency terms from your notes
An opening in the Earth’s surface through which lava escapes from a magma chamber, underground
What is pumice
lightweight volcanic rock, made of more gassy magma
light color
low density
What are the layers of the earth- all 7
crust, upper/ lower mantle, inner/ outer core, lithosphere, asthenosphere
The water cycle is powered by energy from the _____.
Sun
What are the 4 main cycles we learned in class?
rock, carbon, nitrogen, water
What is basalt, tell me 3 things (I need all 3)
a type of less gassy igneous rock, formed by cooled lava
dark color
dense/ heavy
What is Pangea and how long ago did it exist? Also, name all 7 continents
one large supercontinent (about 250 mya)
europe, asia, africa, north america, south america, australia, antarctica
What are the 3 types of plate boundaries? Describe each correctly
divergent- move away
convergent- come together
transform- slide past each other
Name at least 3 steps of the water cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
...... sublimation/ transpiration/ infiltration answers are okay too
What is the most abundant element in the atmosphere
nitrogen
What is the difference between oceanic and continental crust
Oceanic crust- layer of land that creates the ocean floor
Continental crust- layer of land that creates the continents
What is sedimentary rock and give 2 examples
A type of rock that forms when many rocks come together and form a cluster
sandstone, limestone
What helps keep the inner core solid
pressure from other layers of the earth
What is an aquifer and an aquitard
aquifer: A rock layer that allows groundwater to flow through it and collect.
aquitard: A rock layer that restricts the flow of groundwater.
What are the 5 steps of the carbon cycle, simplified (you can just tell me the words from your notes that were in the parentheses) or explain each step thoroughly and correctly
Carbon moves from the atmosphere to plants - (photosynthesis)
Carbon moves from plants to animals and humans (they eat plants)
Carbon moves from animals and humans back to the environment (respiration: breathe out carbon dioxide)
Carbon moves from animals and humans to the soil (they die: decomposition)
5. Many years of decay become fossil fuels (combustion:carbon dioxide goes back in the atmosphere)
What is igneous rock and give 2 examples- examples cannot be basalt and pumice
Rock that forms when magma or lava cools and solidifies
granite, obsidian (if these 2 rocks are not stated but you still give me igneous rocks, I will give you the full point)
What are convection currents and where does it occur (3 places)
Hot rock rises as it heats up and sinks as it cools in the mantle, atmosphere, and even water
observe recent weather patterns, look at geography, Temperature, air pressure, humidity, cloudiness, and wind
Where does transpiration take place ("It takes place in the ______ of a ________.") hint- think about an opening
In the stomata of a plant
What is the nitrogen cycle and what are the 5 steps (just give me the word for each step)?
describes how nitrogen moves between plants, animals, the atmosphere, and the soil in the ground.
fixation, assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification
What helped geologists to understand the continental drift theory (district test question). In other words, how did they know the continents split up?
Similar fossils, such as a Glossopteris leaf fossil, were found on the continents.
The continents also fit like a jigsaw puzzle
What is metamorphic rock and give me 2 examples
A type of rock that changes form overtime due to heat and pressure, marble and quartz
What is sublimation
Sublimation is the conversion of a substance from solid to gas, without it becoming liquid